Turkey Tasked to Remove Talabani´s and Barzani´s Pseudo-Kurdish Thugs Out of Kerkuk
Dr. Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis
December 03, 2008
In fact, Kerkuk belongs to the Turkmen, and this is what all the Europeans and the English said by themselves, when they crossed the Ottoman Empire during the last two centuries of its existence.
Furthermore, I specified that the fallacy about "Kurdish Kerkuk" is now being diffused only to misinform Western audiences and readerships, and thus promote a consensus and a public support for a ´Kurdish" state in the area of Northern Iraq that will – illegally, criminally and ominously – control the Oil-rich territory of Kerkuk only to further finance wars and discords, conflicts and calamities throughout the region, according to the messianic and eschatological plans of the Apostate Freemasonic Lodge.
To better illuminate the issue, I found it greatly worthy for the criminally misinformed readerships to republish a pertinent historical study that has been elaborated by the famous SOITM Foundation in total refutation of the fallacious ICG Report (about which: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/oil-for-soil-in-iraq-and-peace-for-land-in-palestine-more-bloodshed-tyranny-and-chaos.html).
With the present article, I complete the republication of the comprehensive report that so convincingly refutes the ICG-promoted falsehood.
The Historical Anatomy of Kerkuk Region
http://www.turkmen.nl/1A_soitm/art.30-K2908.htm
History of the Kurdish Presence in Kerkuk
It is clearly seen that the Kurds of the 16th century and before were not the Kurds of today. Therefore, it would be illogic to discuss the Kurdish existence in Kerkuk region at those eras. Istakhrai and Ibn Hawqal named the Kurds as the principle nomads. 126 The Kurds by Tabari, Masudi and Hamawi denoted the cultivators, nomads, tribes and other socioeconomic groups. The Kurds of Polo in 13th century included all the religious and ethnic groups 99 and the Kurds of Rauwalf in 16th century were all Nestorians and did not understand Persian. 19
In challenge with McDowall let us consider that the Kurds of 18th century, and then, are the same of today´s Kurds and discuss their presence in Kerkuk region.
Despite the fact that he considered Turkmen the majority in the towns of Kerkuk region, in 1787 Howel named Kerkuk the capital of so-called the Turkish Kurdistan. However, he met no Kurds and presented no evidence of any Kurdish dwellings in the region. His Kurds were synonym of the Yazidis of today. He did not comment on their language. Throughout his travel in the region he did present any information about the presence of the Kurds. 28
"The people called Curds, are supposed to be descendants from the ancient Parthians, and offer adoration to Sheitan, or Satan; whom, considering as the author of all evil, they worship to prevent his causing mischief to them, or to their cattle. A few of them join the Turks in occupying the towns; but the greater number prefer a wandering, pastoral life, like the Arabs, whom they likewise resemble in their disposition to rapine and violence".
Jackson in 1799 passed through all the cities on the High Way without mentioning any Kurdish dwellings in Kerkuk region, nevertheless, he considers Altun Kopru as the capital of Turkish Kurdistan: 21
"This town is at present the capital of Turkish Curdistan, and a Bashaw resides in it".
The question which arises is: were Howel and Jackson aware of the Bitlisi´s and Celebi´s Kurdistan?
In fact, Marr and O´balance, both present a clue to the subject of this chapter; they both date back the arrival of the Kurds into the Iraq to the latter centuries.
Marr: 10
"In recent history, Kurds have been migrating from the mountains into foothills and plains, many settling in and around Mosul in the north and in the cities and towns along the Diyalah River in the south, but most Kurds still live along the lower mountain slopes where they practice agriculture and raise livestock".
O´balance: 127
"Right up until the end of the 19th century the sight of a large tribal federation, with all its livestock, moving across the mountains and plains of the northern parts of the Middle East in search of fresh grazing, was both splendid and ominous - as nomadic Kurds moved like a plague of locusts, feeding and feuding".
Rich in 1820 clearly portrayed the Kurdish region in Kerkuk province of 1976. He described only Chamchamal at the Fareast and Shuwan at the east north of Kerkuk as inhabited by the Kurds, but he excluded both regions from what was called Kurdistan. 47, 48 He considered the natives of Kerkuk not Kurdish: He said: 128
"Kerkuk is the mart to which all the production of Suleymaniyya are carried, not by the Kurds them self´s, by the natives of Kerkuk, who come here for the purpose, and make advances of money to the cultivators for their rice, honey".
The narratives of consecutive travelers in the 19th century explained clearly the displacement of Kurdish boundaries towards the west into the Turkmen regions towards the end of the same century. Abu Ṭalib Khan in 1810, Buckingham in 1816, Ker Porter in 1817 and Rich in 1820 passed through the High Way in Kerkuk province safely and without meeting any Kurdish elements or confronting robbers. After a decade the travelers started speak of the scattered Kurdish robbers on the High Way which the Kurds used to start move to the west.
While at the time of Rich in 1820 Kifri was about 27 km away from Kurdish boundaries, Mignan in 1930s displaced the boundary to the neighborhood of Kifri. 26
"The Koords are not very particular in regard to the limits of their boundary lines; but the neighborhood of Kifri, to which town we were proceeding, is considered by them as the south-eastern frontier of their country. It is situated upon a branch of the Odorneh, and is about fifty miles to the southward of the encampment of Ibrahim Kanchee. Our march was very wearisome, for the plain we had traversed was covered with young locusts, which gave ourselves and our cattle the greatest annoyance".
Fraser in 1834 showed that even the road between Kifri and Kara Tepe became unsafe. He said when he was in Kifri: 129
"It was, in truth, a rather awkward stage; for lying just upon the border between Koord and Arab, the rood was liable to pillage from both parties, while to detect the culprits might be very difficult; and I half expected a rencontre with our old friends".
"We escaped clear, however, as on many occasions, and reached Karateppeh, a small and squalid village after a march of twenty miles".
Geary´s report in 1878 declared that even the way from Tuz Khurmatu until beyond Tawuk region was invested by the Kurdish robbers. 130 – 133
"At the small town of the Kuffree, which is about a hundred and twenty miles north-east of Baghdad, one is out of the country of Arabs, and enters that of the Kurds, the post route being now far from the Tigris, and skirting the Kurdish hills. The change is not at all for better. There is a truculence about the Kurd, both in appearance and character, which makes one regret the Arab, who is generally open to reason, and will not kill without cause. Mere robbery is a trifle in these parts, and no sensible person disturbs himself much about it. But it is different when robbery is prefaced by murder".
"I could not go back either. The road to Thawook was not safe; a number of the Kurds had been seen on the look out for travelers or caravans".
"The object of the Mudir´s journey I was given to understand was to concert with the governor of Thawook measures for the dispersion of the Kurdish marauders, who were keeping the country in hot water".
"The Kurds are troublesome to the north of Kerkook as they were to the south of it".
This constant immigration of the Kurds into Kerkuk region was also clarified by the commission of the League of Nations and McDowall: 134, 135
"Along the high-road which crosses the fertile plains we meet with a medley of populations. Races make their appearance, coalesce, are subjected to conditions of symbiosis and change their manner of life. The Kurd has been coming down from the mountains, especially since he has given increased attention to agriculture, and his tribal organisation is already weakened by this change in his mode of life. In the plain, when he mixes with other populations, when he is no longer so isolated and sheltered as in his solitary mountain valleys and basins, and when he comes more under the influence of the central administration which tends to break down his tribal system, the Kurd becomes a peasant; then, if the chief's family dies out or loses its influence, the process of disintegration is complete. In spite of this, the Kurd - as we have already stated - still constitutes the strongest racial element in the country. He is taking possession of the arable land and is "Kurdising" certain towns".
"The towns and villages along the High Way running from Mosul to Baghdad were mainly Turkish speaking, being Turkmen".
"But, as the commission noted, the Kurd ´is taking possession of the arable and in "Kurdizing" certain towns´ specially the Turkmen´s ones of the High Way".
The reports of Keppel 136-140 support Marr 10 and give a clear idea about the beginning of Kurdish movement into Diyala province after the first half of the 19th century which were previously all void of the Kurdish inhabitants. Baquba, Khanaqin, Kizil Rubat, Sharaban, which are now largely Kurdified.
"From the ferry we rode about 2 miles along the banks of the river, arrived at Bacoubah, our second day´s march. This appears to have been a very considerable place, but has been laid almost entirely in ruins by the army of Coords, under the command of Mohammad Ali Meerze".
"We reached Shahraban at eleven o´clock P.M., and found it almost entirely deserted. …..We wondered through the desolate street, some time without finding any house with inhabitants, till we came to a caravanserai, where we met a man who told us that all the inhabitants had left the place, which had been sacked and ruined by the Coords".
"This town was, not many months back, one of the most populous and thriving in the pashalick of Baghdad, now the whole population consisted of about 3 families".
"Our tents were pitched to the north of the town. Kizil Rubaut, in common with its neighbors from the vindictive spirits of its Coordish enemies".
"In an hour and a half we found ourselves at Baradan, which, in common with other villages, has suffered from the inroads of the Coordish army".
"Khanaki, which is of reputed antiquity, defines the frontier of the Pashalick of Bagdad, and has met with a fate natural to its unfortunate position between two rival powers. About two years ago, it was taken by Mohummud "Ali Meerza, and must at that time have had its share of the calamities of war".
Notes
126. William Bayne Fisher, "The Cambridge history of Iran: the land of Iran", Cambridge University Press 1968, Vol. 1, P. 413
127. Edger O´balance, "The Kurdish Revolt", page 33
128. Claudius James Rich, "Residence in Kurdistan", Vol. I, P. 142
129. J. Baillie Fraser, "Travels in Koordistan", P. 196 – 197
130. Grattan Geary, "Through Asiatic Turkey", Adamant Media Corporation 2005, Vol. II, P. 1-2
131. Ibid., P. 8
132. Ibid., P. 13
133. Ibid., P. 21
134. McDowall, "A Modern History of the Kurds", P. 144
135. League of Nations, "Question of the Frontier between Turkey and Iraq", Report submitted to the Council by the Commission instituted by the Council Resolution of September 30th, 1924, P. 55
136. George Keppel, "Personal Narrative of Travels in Babylonia, Assyria, Media, and Scythia", H. Colburn 1827, Vol. I, P. 267
137. Ibid., P. 276 – 281
138. Ibid., P. 290 – 291
139. Ibid., P. 293
140. Ibid., P. 297
Note
Picture: Iraqi Turkmenia - a map
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