One Day with Life and Heart
Patricia Rattray
July 09, 2008
"One day with life and heart is ... time enough to find a world"
James Russell LowellColumbus
We celebrate more than the birth of our nation today with fireworks and family gatherings. On the Fourth of July in 1776, a divine idea was born in the human mind and embodied in the laws and culture of a civilization, the divine idea of equality, freedom and justice for all human beings.
Men like Franklin and Jefferson and Adams set sail into uncharted waters that day with only a hope that they, or their children, or their children's children's children would reach the land they were imagining -- a land where each citizen worked to maintain an environment nurturing to the entreprenurial, imaginative spirit of its people and one where everyone could participate in the joy which is the by-product of living free.
Many people believe that the essence of the nation our forefathers created is gravely threatened today and that every citizen will have to make democracy the priority in their lives to protect the freedom we love.
Bill Moyers outlines in "This is the Fight of Our Lives",
"...A profound transformation is occurring in America: the balance between wealth and the commonwealth is being upended. By design. Deliberately. We have been subjected to what the Commonwealth Foundation calls 'a fanatical drive to dismantle the political institutions, the legal and statutory canons, and the intellectual and cultural frameworks that have shaped public responsibility for social harms arising from the excesses of private power.'"[1]
Corporate control of our government has rapidly evolved over the last decades and led to the subsequent takeover by corporations of our land, our water and other natural resources, our broadcast airwaves, and even scientific discoveries. These things are collectively known as "the commons" and they belong to all of us.
Government Protection of the Commons is Key to Our Democracy
Government has always had the important key function of safeguarding the commons on behalf of the public. Our air and water and land are the physical structure on which our lives depend.
Modern corporations, disengaging themselves from the natural constraints of free-market capitalism, have externalized their production costs as pollution.[2] The public has paid the production costs for these corporations through degradation of our commons until now it is difficult for ordinary people to live and to thrive.
Researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine published a shocking study in 2006, exposing a pandemic of developmental disorders in children caused by brain damage from industrial chemicals. The report, published in Lancet November 08, stated:
"The combined evidence suggests that neuro-developmental disorders caused by industrial chemicals have created a silent pandemic in modern society."
"One in every six children has a developmental disability, such as autism, attention deficit disorder or cerebral palsy, the effects of which may be life-long."[3]
It is difficult to find this information in mainstream media and, if it is covered in the news, it is rarely presented in a straightforward manner. When goverment legislators want to pass legislation that they know is against the will of the people, they frequently make use of Orwellian rhetoric, giving legislation a label that is the exact opposite of its function.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr., author of "Crimes Against Nature: How George Bush and His Corporate Pals are Plundering the Country and Hijacking Our Democracy", explained during a speech at the Sierra Summit 2005,
"When they want to destroy the forests, they call it the 'Healthy Forest Act'. When they want to destroy the air, they call it the 'Clear Skies Bill'."
"But, most insidiously, they have put polluters in charge of virtually all the agencies that are supposed to protect Americans from pollution."[4]
Alternative Media
Corporations have been allowed to consolidate ownership of the media until most of the television stations in the country, all of the radio stations, 80 percent of the newspapers and most of the Internet information services are now owned by only six corporations.[5]
Corporations use ownership of the media to control what information is made available to the American public.
When Jane Akre and Steve Wilson did a story on Monsanto's bovine growth hormone [BGH], which is injected into cows to increase milk production, reporting evidence that consumption of hormone-treated milk - which is now a large part of America's milk supply - poses risks of breast and colon cancer such that BGH has been banned in Europe and unapproved in Canada and several other countries, they were told by the general manager at the FOX station in Florida where they worked to change the story or lose their jobs.[6]
The station's general manager said to Wilson, "We'll tell you what the news is. The news is what we say it is."
Wilson and Akre refused to distort the story and were fired. Akre later sued the station under the whistleblower act. She initially won; but in February of 2003, a Florida Court of Appeals overturned the decision, ruling that it was not illegal for a television station to distort the news. [7]
Jeff Cohen of the Media watch group Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting points out, "If you read the British Independent, if you read the British Guardian, if you look ...on web sites, whether it's www.truthdig.com or www.commondreams.org or www.alternet.org you can get a real accurate picture, but if you read The New York Times or The Washington Post --- it's fantasy, it's a-historical..."[8]
In response to the crisis of truth in mainstream media, independent media are growing everywhere and can be used to develop a basic level of knowledge about our world and government. Find a friendly user-interface for our government laws and begin to participate.
Preempting Democracy
It is essential that all Americans educate themselves on the issues because we will have to make up in sheer numbers what we lack in resources.
Corporations have preempted communication with lawmakers and other organs of democracy by creating think-tanks and lobbying groups, using senior executives to call directly on lawmakers, and by manufacturing fake "grassroots" campaigns.
Environmental Working Group reports, "Experts like Bonner & Associates, professional "grassroots" gurus have elaborate offices with high tech systems that can generate thousands of letters, phone calls and faxes to a targeted politician within hours..." [9]
It is estimated that corporations spend a billion dollars a year on fake "grassroots" campaigns.[10]
In addition a vast machinery is employed to manufacture public opinion. Methods used include: insertion of corporate messages into fictional entertainment programs, employment of scientists to go on speaking tours and deliver biased information, production of their own news shows by corporate interests, and teaching materials given to public schools.
"the factual contents of your mind upon which you base decisions have been inserted there by others whose motives you cannot fully understand..."
John Taylor GattoThe Underground History of American Education[11]
American Chemistry Council (Chemical Manufacturers Association)
The American public has acted under the false assumption that only labor organizes, "capital fights its individual battles alone, and loses in the end," a popular early twentieth-century fiction writer taught its readers. [12]
An example of this misconception is the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) now American Chemistry Council (ACC), an organization whose members include DuPont, Dow Chemical, Eli Lilly & Company, General Electric, and Monsanto.
The ACC serves the interests of its members by directing public relations campaigns that: 1) override innate public sentiment, 2) obscure the truth about detrimental health effects of toxic chemicals, and 3) permit the industry to escape government regulation. As their own inside documents state, "The final area for CMA muscle is the unique role of senior management in influencing Congress."[13]
In the 1980's, in response to high-profile chemical disasters, community and environmental activists began to campaign across the country to institute right-to-know laws. Right-to-know [RTK] laws in the ideal make it mandantory for corporations to inform the public about toxic chemicals in consumer products and the environment.
This would allow the natural protective constraints of free-market capitalism to operate because consumers would avoid products identified as harmful to their health - which in turn provides a market incentive for manufacturers to get rid of toxic ingredients.
In Inside Story: Killing the Right-to-Know in the States, The Environmental Working Group shows that from the beginning of the RTK movement, CMA mounted a campaign to: "Avoid or soften state and local right-to-know laws.", despite CMA's own polling which showed that Americans overwhelmingly believe they have the right-to-know "nearly all aspects" of chemical manufacturing, use and operations in their communities.
In California alone, the chemical industry and its allies spent more than $5 million on a media campaign to defeat Prop. 65, the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act, California's right-to-know legislation.
When they failed to stop Prop. 65 in California, the industry focused their efforts and resources on preventing passage of meaningful right-to-know laws in other states with lawsuits, lobbying campaigns, political influence peddling and distorted advertising.
In this they have been more successful. A CMA document boasts, "We have retained our trade secret protection rights and successfully avoided costly requirements." [14]
Bravo, now about the Harvard Study showing one in six American children is brain damaged by industrial chemicals in the environment.
As of April 02, 2008, the ACC is under investigation by the powerful House Energy and Commerce Committee as part of a probe into chemical industry corruption of science and public health protections.[15]
Your Own Think Tank
A Google search does not show that this important information was reported by the New York Times. In fact, in direct contrast an article in the Times titled "The Richest of the Rich, Proud of a New Gilded Age" promotes the wishful thinking that organizations like ACC would like the public to believe. The article states, "The new titans", [wealthy CEO's, entrepreneurs and financiers], "see themselves as pillars of a...prosperous and expansive age, one in which...government [is] less important than it once was."
Sanford I. Weill, Chairman Emeritus of Citigroup Inc. and Chairman of Carnegie Hall is featured in the article, where he delivers the following non sequitur on why "the titans" rather than "we the people" should define and deliver our countries needs, "We didnīt rely on somebody else to build what we built, and we shouldnīt rely on somebody else to provide all the services our society needs." [16]
Antonio Gramsci, an early twentieth-century Italian philosopher who dedicated his life to the study and documentation of how people lose or maintain their freedom, wrote that it is essential first and foremost to understand the sources of power and their resilience. He noted that what is called public opinion is really where the difference lies between consent and force in government. Gramsci writes, "Therefore there is a struggle for the organs of public opinion: newspapers, political parties,... so that only one force would mold public opinion... while reducing the dissenters to individual and disconnected specs of dust."[17]
Every one of us will have to be a citizen in the full sense of the word to regain control of our own communication with each other and our government. A large workforce has sprung up filling the role we left unattended in our democracy. Fake "grassroots" campaigns mean there is a workforce earning a billion dollars a year whose only job is to influence our government away from protecting the commons as the wealth of the American people. Match this against relatively few concerned citizens devoting time outside their 9-to-5 jobs and you have the predicament we are in today.
Somehow, we have to equal the effort that is being purchased. Incredible odds, but the reward is, well, --- everything ---our world --- and as Martin Luther King said there is a moral component to the universe and we are to know we have "cosmic companionship" in the struggle.[18] A small commitment from everyone might tip the scales, maybe just...
A lavish day! One day, with life and heart,Is more than time enough to find a world.
James Russell LowellColumbus
1. Bill Moyers, "This is the Fight of Our Lives," Keynote speech, Inequality Matters Forum, (New York University) June 3, 2004. http://www.commondreams.org/views04/0616-09.htm
2. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., "Speech delivered at the Sierra Summit 2005", Sierra Summit (San Francisco, California) September 10, 2005. http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0916-27.htm.
3. P Grandjean, PJ Landrigan, Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals, The Lancet, www.thelancet.com, (November 08, 2006). http://www.generationrescue.org/pdf/harvard1.pdf
4. Kennedy Jr., "Speech delivered at the Sierra Summit 2005", http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0916-27.htm.
5. Kennedy Jr., "Speech delivered at the Sierra Summit 2005", http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0916-27.htm.
6. Reporters Blow Whistle on Fox News, youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9E-5KivgwO4 (June 11, 2007)
7. Jane Akre, Florida Court of Appeals Ruling, "Court of Appeals Ruling" http://www.2dca.org/opinion/February%2014,%202003/2D01-529.pdf, http://www.foxbghsuit.com/, (February 14, 2003)
8. Jeff Cohen, KPFA Livingroom http://kpfa.org/archives/index.php?arch=24346 (January 17, 2008).
9. Chemical Industry Archives,The Inside Story., Grassroots: The Chemical Industry's Astroturf Agenda, http://www.chemicalindustryarchives.org/dirtysecrets/grassroots/4.asp.
10. http://www.chemicalindustryarchives.org/dirtysecrets/grassroots/4.asp.
11. John Taylor Gatto, The Underground History of American Education, 2001. http://www.johntaylorgatto.com/underground/index.htm.
12. Mary Roberts Rinehart, A Poor Wise Man, 1920. http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext99/pwsmn10.txt.
13. http://www.chemicalindustryarchives.org/dirtysecrets/grassroots/5.asp.
14. Chemical Industry Archives, The Inside Story:Killing the Right to Know in the States, http://www.chemicalindustryarchives.org/dirtysecrets/RtK/1.asp.
15. YubaNet.com, Congress to Chemical Industry: You're Under Investigation Energy and Commerce Committee launches probe into chemical industry corruption of science and public health protections at EPA, http://yubanet.com/usa/Congress-to-Chemical-Industry-You-re-Under-Investigation.php. (April 03, 2008)
16. "The Richest of the Rich, Proud of a New Gilded Age," New York Times, July 15, 2007. (http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/15/business/15gilded.html).
17. KPFA, Feb 28, 2005, Against the Grain:Power, Consent, and Gramsci, Replay of speech by Joseph Buttigieg at University of Massachusetts, Amherst.(http://www.kpfa.org/archives/index.php?arch=6845).
18. Martin Luther King, Jr., "Christmas Sermon on Peace, 1967", Sermon delivered at sermon at Ebenezer Baptist Church, Dec 24, 1967.(http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2003/12/276406.shtml).
James Russell LowellColumbus
We celebrate more than the birth of our nation today with fireworks and family gatherings. On the Fourth of July in 1776, a divine idea was born in the human mind and embodied in the laws and culture of a civilization, the divine idea of equality, freedom and justice for all human beings.
Men like Franklin and Jefferson and Adams set sail into uncharted waters that day with only a hope that they, or their children, or their children's children's children would reach the land they were imagining -- a land where each citizen worked to maintain an environment nurturing to the entreprenurial, imaginative spirit of its people and one where everyone could participate in the joy which is the by-product of living free.
Many people believe that the essence of the nation our forefathers created is gravely threatened today and that every citizen will have to make democracy the priority in their lives to protect the freedom we love.
Bill Moyers outlines in "This is the Fight of Our Lives",
"...A profound transformation is occurring in America: the balance between wealth and the commonwealth is being upended. By design. Deliberately. We have been subjected to what the Commonwealth Foundation calls 'a fanatical drive to dismantle the political institutions, the legal and statutory canons, and the intellectual and cultural frameworks that have shaped public responsibility for social harms arising from the excesses of private power.'"[1]
Corporate control of our government has rapidly evolved over the last decades and led to the subsequent takeover by corporations of our land, our water and other natural resources, our broadcast airwaves, and even scientific discoveries. These things are collectively known as "the commons" and they belong to all of us.
Government Protection of the Commons is Key to Our Democracy
Government has always had the important key function of safeguarding the commons on behalf of the public. Our air and water and land are the physical structure on which our lives depend.
Modern corporations, disengaging themselves from the natural constraints of free-market capitalism, have externalized their production costs as pollution.[2] The public has paid the production costs for these corporations through degradation of our commons until now it is difficult for ordinary people to live and to thrive.
Researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine published a shocking study in 2006, exposing a pandemic of developmental disorders in children caused by brain damage from industrial chemicals. The report, published in Lancet November 08, stated:
"The combined evidence suggests that neuro-developmental disorders caused by industrial chemicals have created a silent pandemic in modern society."
"One in every six children has a developmental disability, such as autism, attention deficit disorder or cerebral palsy, the effects of which may be life-long."[3]
It is difficult to find this information in mainstream media and, if it is covered in the news, it is rarely presented in a straightforward manner. When goverment legislators want to pass legislation that they know is against the will of the people, they frequently make use of Orwellian rhetoric, giving legislation a label that is the exact opposite of its function.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr., author of "Crimes Against Nature: How George Bush and His Corporate Pals are Plundering the Country and Hijacking Our Democracy", explained during a speech at the Sierra Summit 2005,
"When they want to destroy the forests, they call it the 'Healthy Forest Act'. When they want to destroy the air, they call it the 'Clear Skies Bill'."
"But, most insidiously, they have put polluters in charge of virtually all the agencies that are supposed to protect Americans from pollution."[4]
Alternative Media
Corporations have been allowed to consolidate ownership of the media until most of the television stations in the country, all of the radio stations, 80 percent of the newspapers and most of the Internet information services are now owned by only six corporations.[5]
Corporations use ownership of the media to control what information is made available to the American public.
When Jane Akre and Steve Wilson did a story on Monsanto's bovine growth hormone [BGH], which is injected into cows to increase milk production, reporting evidence that consumption of hormone-treated milk - which is now a large part of America's milk supply - poses risks of breast and colon cancer such that BGH has been banned in Europe and unapproved in Canada and several other countries, they were told by the general manager at the FOX station in Florida where they worked to change the story or lose their jobs.[6]
The station's general manager said to Wilson, "We'll tell you what the news is. The news is what we say it is."
Wilson and Akre refused to distort the story and were fired. Akre later sued the station under the whistleblower act. She initially won; but in February of 2003, a Florida Court of Appeals overturned the decision, ruling that it was not illegal for a television station to distort the news. [7]
Jeff Cohen of the Media watch group Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting points out, "If you read the British Independent, if you read the British Guardian, if you look ...on web sites, whether it's www.truthdig.com or www.commondreams.org or www.alternet.org you can get a real accurate picture, but if you read The New York Times or The Washington Post --- it's fantasy, it's a-historical..."[8]
In response to the crisis of truth in mainstream media, independent media are growing everywhere and can be used to develop a basic level of knowledge about our world and government. Find a friendly user-interface for our government laws and begin to participate.
Preempting Democracy
It is essential that all Americans educate themselves on the issues because we will have to make up in sheer numbers what we lack in resources.
Corporations have preempted communication with lawmakers and other organs of democracy by creating think-tanks and lobbying groups, using senior executives to call directly on lawmakers, and by manufacturing fake "grassroots" campaigns.
Environmental Working Group reports, "Experts like Bonner & Associates, professional "grassroots" gurus have elaborate offices with high tech systems that can generate thousands of letters, phone calls and faxes to a targeted politician within hours..." [9]
It is estimated that corporations spend a billion dollars a year on fake "grassroots" campaigns.[10]
In addition a vast machinery is employed to manufacture public opinion. Methods used include: insertion of corporate messages into fictional entertainment programs, employment of scientists to go on speaking tours and deliver biased information, production of their own news shows by corporate interests, and teaching materials given to public schools.
"the factual contents of your mind upon which you base decisions have been inserted there by others whose motives you cannot fully understand..."
John Taylor GattoThe Underground History of American Education[11]
American Chemistry Council (Chemical Manufacturers Association)
The American public has acted under the false assumption that only labor organizes, "capital fights its individual battles alone, and loses in the end," a popular early twentieth-century fiction writer taught its readers. [12]
An example of this misconception is the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) now American Chemistry Council (ACC), an organization whose members include DuPont, Dow Chemical, Eli Lilly & Company, General Electric, and Monsanto.
The ACC serves the interests of its members by directing public relations campaigns that: 1) override innate public sentiment, 2) obscure the truth about detrimental health effects of toxic chemicals, and 3) permit the industry to escape government regulation. As their own inside documents state, "The final area for CMA muscle is the unique role of senior management in influencing Congress."[13]
In the 1980's, in response to high-profile chemical disasters, community and environmental activists began to campaign across the country to institute right-to-know laws. Right-to-know [RTK] laws in the ideal make it mandantory for corporations to inform the public about toxic chemicals in consumer products and the environment.
This would allow the natural protective constraints of free-market capitalism to operate because consumers would avoid products identified as harmful to their health - which in turn provides a market incentive for manufacturers to get rid of toxic ingredients.
In Inside Story: Killing the Right-to-Know in the States, The Environmental Working Group shows that from the beginning of the RTK movement, CMA mounted a campaign to: "Avoid or soften state and local right-to-know laws.", despite CMA's own polling which showed that Americans overwhelmingly believe they have the right-to-know "nearly all aspects" of chemical manufacturing, use and operations in their communities.
In California alone, the chemical industry and its allies spent more than $5 million on a media campaign to defeat Prop. 65, the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act, California's right-to-know legislation.
When they failed to stop Prop. 65 in California, the industry focused their efforts and resources on preventing passage of meaningful right-to-know laws in other states with lawsuits, lobbying campaigns, political influence peddling and distorted advertising.
In this they have been more successful. A CMA document boasts, "We have retained our trade secret protection rights and successfully avoided costly requirements." [14]
Bravo, now about the Harvard Study showing one in six American children is brain damaged by industrial chemicals in the environment.
As of April 02, 2008, the ACC is under investigation by the powerful House Energy and Commerce Committee as part of a probe into chemical industry corruption of science and public health protections.[15]
Your Own Think Tank
A Google search does not show that this important information was reported by the New York Times. In fact, in direct contrast an article in the Times titled "The Richest of the Rich, Proud of a New Gilded Age" promotes the wishful thinking that organizations like ACC would like the public to believe. The article states, "The new titans", [wealthy CEO's, entrepreneurs and financiers], "see themselves as pillars of a...prosperous and expansive age, one in which...government [is] less important than it once was."
Sanford I. Weill, Chairman Emeritus of Citigroup Inc. and Chairman of Carnegie Hall is featured in the article, where he delivers the following non sequitur on why "the titans" rather than "we the people" should define and deliver our countries needs, "We didnīt rely on somebody else to build what we built, and we shouldnīt rely on somebody else to provide all the services our society needs." [16]
Antonio Gramsci, an early twentieth-century Italian philosopher who dedicated his life to the study and documentation of how people lose or maintain their freedom, wrote that it is essential first and foremost to understand the sources of power and their resilience. He noted that what is called public opinion is really where the difference lies between consent and force in government. Gramsci writes, "Therefore there is a struggle for the organs of public opinion: newspapers, political parties,... so that only one force would mold public opinion... while reducing the dissenters to individual and disconnected specs of dust."[17]
Every one of us will have to be a citizen in the full sense of the word to regain control of our own communication with each other and our government. A large workforce has sprung up filling the role we left unattended in our democracy. Fake "grassroots" campaigns mean there is a workforce earning a billion dollars a year whose only job is to influence our government away from protecting the commons as the wealth of the American people. Match this against relatively few concerned citizens devoting time outside their 9-to-5 jobs and you have the predicament we are in today.
Somehow, we have to equal the effort that is being purchased. Incredible odds, but the reward is, well, --- everything ---our world --- and as Martin Luther King said there is a moral component to the universe and we are to know we have "cosmic companionship" in the struggle.[18] A small commitment from everyone might tip the scales, maybe just...
A lavish day! One day, with life and heart,Is more than time enough to find a world.
James Russell LowellColumbus
1. Bill Moyers, "This is the Fight of Our Lives," Keynote speech, Inequality Matters Forum, (New York University) June 3, 2004. http://www.commondreams.org/views04/0616-09.htm
2. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., "Speech delivered at the Sierra Summit 2005", Sierra Summit (San Francisco, California) September 10, 2005. http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0916-27.htm.
3. P Grandjean, PJ Landrigan, Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals, The Lancet, www.thelancet.com, (November 08, 2006). http://www.generationrescue.org/pdf/harvard1.pdf
4. Kennedy Jr., "Speech delivered at the Sierra Summit 2005", http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0916-27.htm.
5. Kennedy Jr., "Speech delivered at the Sierra Summit 2005", http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0916-27.htm.
6. Reporters Blow Whistle on Fox News, youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9E-5KivgwO4 (June 11, 2007)
7. Jane Akre, Florida Court of Appeals Ruling, "Court of Appeals Ruling" http://www.2dca.org/opinion/February%2014,%202003/2D01-529.pdf, http://www.foxbghsuit.com/, (February 14, 2003)
8. Jeff Cohen, KPFA Livingroom http://kpfa.org/archives/index.php?arch=24346 (January 17, 2008).
9. Chemical Industry Archives,The Inside Story., Grassroots: The Chemical Industry's Astroturf Agenda, http://www.chemicalindustryarchives.org/dirtysecrets/grassroots/4.asp.
10. http://www.chemicalindustryarchives.org/dirtysecrets/grassroots/4.asp.
11. John Taylor Gatto, The Underground History of American Education, 2001. http://www.johntaylorgatto.com/underground/index.htm.
12. Mary Roberts Rinehart, A Poor Wise Man, 1920. http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext99/pwsmn10.txt.
13. http://www.chemicalindustryarchives.org/dirtysecrets/grassroots/5.asp.
14. Chemical Industry Archives, The Inside Story:Killing the Right to Know in the States, http://www.chemicalindustryarchives.org/dirtysecrets/RtK/1.asp.
15. YubaNet.com, Congress to Chemical Industry: You're Under Investigation Energy and Commerce Committee launches probe into chemical industry corruption of science and public health protections at EPA, http://yubanet.com/usa/Congress-to-Chemical-Industry-You-re-Under-Investigation.php. (April 03, 2008)
16. "The Richest of the Rich, Proud of a New Gilded Age," New York Times, July 15, 2007. (http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/15/business/15gilded.html).
17. KPFA, Feb 28, 2005, Against the Grain:Power, Consent, and Gramsci, Replay of speech by Joseph Buttigieg at University of Massachusetts, Amherst.(http://www.kpfa.org/archives/index.php?arch=6845).
18. Martin Luther King, Jr., "Christmas Sermon on Peace, 1967", Sermon delivered at sermon at Ebenezer Baptist Church, Dec 24, 1967.(http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2003/12/276406.shtml).
Print
Email
