Anti-Somalia, Anti-Ogaden Falsehood of Western Academia: Fabrication of Fake Ethiopian History - 2
Dr. Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis
January 11, 2010
People can be successfully programmed for extinction only if people are forced to believe that they are insignificant, trivial and marginal. The success of the imposition of the colonial model, the triumph of the Western colonial interference, and the prevalence of colonially promoted pseudo-states (´Ethiopia´, Sudan, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Mali, Niger, Kenya) are all due to a multifaceted program of falsification of the African History and the ensuing historical self- minimization, cultural under-evaluation, socio-behavioural self-deprecation, and national diminution.
The Anglo-French Freemasonic falsification of the African Past has been methodically elaborated, systematically diffused worldwide (by means of numerous trickeries), and tyrannically imposed on all Africans (through indigenous, financially corrupted, intellectually besotted, and locally imposed tyrants) in order to facilitate the Freemasonic – Zionist plan of mass extermination of all Africans.
Only when you convince an entire people that their nation´s value is next to nothing, you ensure that, plunged in despair, they will fail to react to the evil plans that target them, as they will be assuming their reaction as useless or ineffective.
To exemplarily refute an Anti-Somali, Anti-Ogadeni falsification of East Africa´s History, I selected the article "The Ogaden: A Microcosm of Global Conflict" by Ezekiel Rediker (http://www.tcr.org/tcr/essays.htm); I republished a first excerpt of the 20-page article about Somalia, Ogaden and Abyssinia (fallaciously renamed Ethiopia), and refuted the errors point by point.
In the present article, I will continue the republication and refutation of the aforementioned article´s excerpts. Latin numbers inserted in the text correspond to points of my commentary. Modern European numbers in the text corresponds to the author´s footnotes. In the present article, I also the bibliography used by the author.
The Ogaden: A Microcosm of Global Conflict
By Ezekiel Rediker
The History of Conflict: 1400-1855
To understand the conflict in the Ogaden during the 20th century, it is necessary to go back to the 15th century, when the Abyssinian Christian Empire, (I) the predecessor of modern day Ethiopia, (II) and the Muslim city-state of Ifat (III) fought periodic wars (IV) for control of the Ogaden region.2 (V) In the 16th century, the legendary Muslim general Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al Ghazi, or "Ahmed the Left-Handed," led an offensive (VI) that drove the Abyssinians out of the Ogaden. (VII) Ahmed the Left-Handed declared a Jihad (VIII) on the Abyssinian Empire (IX) and attempted to convert to Islam the peoples of the lands he conquered. (X) He was assisted by the Ottomans who supplied food and weaponry.3 (XI) Yet Ahmed the Left-Handed soon overreached himself, (XII) leading his troops deep (XIII) into Abyssinian territory. There, he was overwhelmed by the forces of the newly-expanded, (XIV) Portuguese-backed Abyssinian army. (XV) Having defeated the armies of Ahmed the Left-Handed, (XVI) the Abyssinian Empire (XVII) reclaimed the Ogaden.4 (XVIII)
The Abyssinians struck a crushing blow against the forces of the Muslim Sultanates and the Ottoman Turks. (XIX) They became the dominant power in the region. (XX) Fighting between the two powers ceased, (XXI) and Muslim herders, (XXII) who previously avoided the Ogaden because of hostilities with the Abyssinians, (XXIII) migrated to the region in large numbers.5 (XXIV)
Muslim herders began to bring their livestock to the Ogaden for annual pasturage. (XXV) They migrated in and out of the Ogaden according to rainfall, and combed the region for the most fertile grazing spots. These Muslim herders were ethnic Somalis, and to this day, the region is peopled almost entirely by their descendants.6 (XXVI)
The Ogaden thus became a land of Muslim Somali herders, (XXVII) a migratory people (XXVIII) who followed the predictable patterns of rain and pasturage. According to Dr. Said Samatar, the "precolonial Somali lived in a world of egalitarian anarchy."7 (XXIX) Somali nomads have no centralized government, and according to British anthropologist I.M. Lewis, this "lack of formal government (XXX) and of instituted authority is strongly reflected in their extreme independence and individualism."8 (XXXI)
Lewis also noted that the Somali nomad has "an extraordinary sense of superiority as an individual" (XXXII) and believes that he is "subject to no other authority except that of God."9 (XXXIII) Various Somali tribes fought wars over territory and cattle, and a delicate power-sharing balance was created to preserve cordial relations between the clans. Fierce clan loyalty and the refusal (XXXIV) to accept a centralized Somali government later contributed to the collapse of the Somali state in the 1990s.10 (XXXV)
Between the late 16thcentury and the early 19th century, the peoples of the Ogaden lived largely in peace. They were relatively unaffected by the struggle between Arab merchants and the indigenous Somali clans for control of East African seaports (XXXVI) such as Mogadishu, Bimal, Merka, and Baraawe. As herders, people of the Ogaden did not play a major role in the slave trade, which was the primary cause for conflict between ethnic Somalis and Arab traders.11 (XXXVII)
Footnotes
1 Salman Rushdie, "Somalians are not Ethiopians,"
Washington Post (July 6, 1991) p. a17
2 Marian Aguiar, ed., Encyclopedia Africana: Third Edition
(Microsoft, 2000) s.v. "Ogaden"
3 Gamal Nkrumah, "Dichotomies and Dilemmas" (2003)
Available Online at http://www.uneca.org/water/
dichot_dilemmas.htm.
4 Ibid.
5 Aguiar
6 Graham Hancock, "Somalia: Wounds of Nationalism that will not Heal," New African Development Journal 11 (1977) pp. 634-635
7 Said Samatar, Somalia: a Nation in Turmoil (London,
The Minority Rights Group, 1991) p. 6
8 Ibid., p. 6
9 Ibid., p. 6
10 Ibid., pp. 6-8
11 Lee Cassanelli, The Shaping of Somali Society
(Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982) (no page given)
Bibliography
Primary Sources:
Binder, David, "Band and 19-Gun Salute Greet Somali Premier at White House," New York Times November 28, 1962, p. 10
Boyd, Oseye, "Educating the Future of Africa: Somalia
Relief Fund Builds Bridges," The Recorder March 16, 2001, p.
D1
Burton, Richard, First Footsteps in East Africa (London,
1856). Available online at http://www.wollamshram.ca/1001/
East/east.htm
Frankel, Max, "Somalia Accepts Soviet Arms Deal," New York Times November 11, 1963, pp. 1, 9
Hancock, Graham, "Somalia: Wounds of Nationalism that
will not Heal," New African Development Journal 11 (1977)
pp. 634-635
Harden, Blaine, "Foes and Death Stalk Kenyan Nomads;
Modern Weapons and Land Pressures Escalate Rural Violence," Washington Post April 10, 1988, p. a01
Neil, Henry, "Kenya Screening Ethnic Somalis in Disputed
Program; Kenya Screening Somalis in Controversial Program," Washington Post December 27, 1989, p. a08
Oberdorfer, Don, "Eased East-West Tension Offers Chances—Dangers Series: Beyond the Cold War," Washington Post May 7, 1989, p. a01
Omar, Mohamed Osman, The Road to Zero: Somalia´s Self-Destruction (London, HAAN Associates inc., 1992)
Richburg, Keith, "Orphan of the Cold War: Somalia Lost Its Key Role; Local Embassy Workers Await Americans´ Return," Washington Post October 15, 1992, p. a24
Savage, Gus, "A View from Capitol Hill: An Independent Reports on Washington," Columbus Times October 15 1981,
p. 4
Topping, Seymour, "African Nations Wooed by Soviet," New York Times July 1960, p. 3
Vick, Karl, "Starved for Aid in Africa," Washington Post April 12, 2000, p. a1
Walz, Jay, "Somalia Facing Grave Problems," New York Times July 5, 1960, pp. 1, 2
Zalatimo, Dima, "Fall of Barre Government Welcomed by Somalis in Washington, D.C.," The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs March 1991, p. 24
Anonymous], "Somalians are not Ethiopians," Washington Post July 6, 1991, p. a17
Anonymous], "Africa Update," Christian Science Monitor July 25, 1991
Secondary Sources:
Aguiar, Marian, ed., Encyclopedia Africana: Third Edition (Microsoft, 2000)
Cassanelli, Lee, The Shaping of Somali Society (Philadelphia, University Pennsylvania Press, 1982)
Hashim, Alice Bettis, The Fallen State: Dissonance,
Dictatorship, and Death in Somalia (New York, University Press of America Inc., 1997)
Lewis, I. M., Peoples of the Horn of Africa (Lawrenceville, New Jersey, The Red Sea Press Inc., 1998)
Nkrumah, Gamal, "Dichotomies and Dilemmas," 2003,
Available Online at http://www.uneca.org/water/
dichoto_dilemmas.htm
Pike, John, "Ogaden Crisis," 2002, Available Online at http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/ogaden.htm
Samatar, Ahmed, Socialist Somalia: Rhetoric and Reality (London, Zed Books LTD., 1988)
Samatar, Said, Somalia: a Nation in Turmoil (London, The Minority Rights Group, 1991)
Commentary
(I) Before already the first point of the commentary, I have to clarify that even the title of the chapter (or unit) is fake. It suggests two dates, 1400 and 1855, as historical landmarks of the Somali History or in a wider context, of the History of Eastern Africa. These dates are fake; they represent nothing. Nothing started in 1400 to end in 1855. No one can possibly find a reason or an argument to eventually substantiate the author´s attempt to start his falsification in the year 1400! He could have started in the year 1200 or more reasonably in 622 or at the times of the Roman Empire or even at the times of Somali kingdom of Punt whereto a great maritime pharaonic expedition was sent by Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt ca. 1475 BCE, when the ancestors of the Axumite Abyssinians were unknown among the unknown in Yemen, their country of origin.
Similarly, there is no sufficient reason to choose as historical landmark the date 1855; the author may have used the date to indicate the beginning of colonial times in Somalia, but again this is totally wrong.
The truth is hidden in the first sentence of the next chapter (unit); for East African History´s iniquitous forger Ezekiel Rediker, the ´beginning´ of a historical period in Somalia starts with the travel of a shameless racist, Anti-African, Anti-Islamic and Anti-Somali English Freemason who believed utterly in, and promoted, slavery, felony, perjury, incest and Satanism: Richard Burton.
Prominent among the incestuous, the English Orientalist represents one of the most nefarious figures of the History of colonialism, one of the filthier names that brought disaster, venom, hatred and fallacy to Africa and the Orient in general.
He traveled illegally to Mecca disguised as a Caucasian Muslim. Then, he proceeded to Somalia and went up to Harar advancing through Somalia´s northwestern provinces. He then composed a report of his travel under the title ´First footsteps in East Africa or, An Exploration of Harar´ (first published 1856).
The fallacious, racist, Anti-African contents of the book would be enough reason for all the African nations to prohibit the presence on African soil of any English or English origin person.
I republished the whole book in fourteen (14) parts, exposing Burton´s villainous predisposition against the Somalis and other African nations, notably the Oromos.
Here are links to some of the aforementioned articles:
R. Burton´s Undeserved, Racist Insults against Oromos and Gadabursi and Issa Somalis
(http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/69301)
English Orientalist R. Burton exploring Berbera, slandering Oromos, and denigrating Somalis
(http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/69652)
R. Burton´s Preface: Fervent Call for Urgent Colonization of Berbera – 1856 (http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/69970)
References to the rest can be found in the aforementioned.
Richard Burton is the main reason of all the Somalis´ troubles; in fact, he acted as an agent of the English Freemasonry, and the Foreign Office, and it is on his advice that the English illegally invaded Berbera and thence expanded their tyrannical control over Northern Somalia and Ogaden. Less known is the fact that Richard Burton is also the author of several classified reports kept in the Foreign Office and other papers sealed in the darkness of a heretic Freemasonic Lodge located in London. Access to them is allowed to high levels of Freemasonic hierarchy, and these documents bear witness to his real evildoings in Africa.
Then, this evil person´s travel to Somalia was pathetically taken as Somalia´s historical landmark by the vicious falsifier Ezekiel Rediker. The author disregards the fact that for all the Somali authorities of that period, Rishard Burton was an insignificant mosquito with which they did not bother to deal. If they did not do so, they should not be blamed; they just undermined the extent of the Satanic possession of a human being. As normal human beings, all the Somali authorities of that period could not imagine that barbarism, inhumanity and iniquity could possibly reach so far.
Proceeding through the text now, we find Ezekiel Rediker´s reference to a 15th century Abyssinian Christian "Empire" as absolutely false and utterly ridiculous. The territory controlled by the tiny Abyssinian state was less than one fourth of today´s province Amhara in Abyssinia. It spanned over parts of today´s provinces Amhara and Tigray. Whenever wars occurred, either the Abyssinian ruler undertook a temporary raid in a nearby land or foreigner invaders occupied parts the tiny area of the Abyssinian state.
By definition, small lands do not entitle the local rulers to an empire. These rulers may eventually pretend anything but no such claim can be seriously taken into account by a modern historian. It would be comical!
And more importantly, such claims were not taken into consideration by any other ruler, king or emperor in the entire area that spans from North Africa and Egypt to India.
The so-called Solomonic dynasty of Abyssinia ruled a tiny and impotent state, that was constantly attacked by its Muslims neighbours; Ezekiel Rediker´s fictional Abyssinian "empire" did not have a fixed capital precisely because, in order to survive, the barbaric Amhara rulers had to run from caves to cliffs and from remote peaks to invisible bird´s nests to keep themselves out of the enemy´s direct eyesight.
This does not make anyone, from Yekuno Amlak to Amda Siyon I and from Dawit II to Gelawdewos, much of a king, let alone an emperor!
Size of the state is one point, royal and/or noble descent is another. None of the pseudo-Solomonic dynasty´s rulers was of noble descent. Yekuno Amlak, the vulgar pseudo-dynasty´s founder, was of low descent and rose to power after he was guided by the villainous black magician Tekle Haymanot to disobey and betray his own king, the last ruler of the Agaw Kushitic dynasty.
The gang of Satanists that imposed Yekuno Amlak (under pseudonym Tasfa Iyasus) as head of the Amhara kingdom assassinated the last Agaw king, deleted his name from every document, and declared him "unknown" or "hidden".
Of so lowly descent Yekuno Amlak was that the Mamluk Sultan Baibars of Egypt and the Rasulid Sultan Al Muzaffar Yusuf I of Yemen made foul of him, and did not allow the priest (abuna) sent from Alexandria´s Coptic Patriarchate to reach the unimportant Amhara state and become there the head of the local Christians.
At their best, the barbaric, heinous, villainous and rancorous rulers of the pseudo-Solomonic dynasty were the execrable offspring of voluntary incestuous intercourse suggested by the pseudo-Christian Amhara monks in order to help them perpetuate their grip over a minor people, decimated in the battles and reduced because of the voluntary acceptance of Islam from the part of many Abyssinians.
In fact, to be true and to correspond to the historical facts, the so-called Abyssinian emperors were mere captains, chieftains or rather thugs-in chief.
It is really paradoxical that Ezekiel Rediker, who so well studied Richard Burton´s published book, does not mention the English Freemason´s reference to the Muslim Hadiya king´s attitude, who - as late as the mid 19th century - turned down an invitation sent to him by the Abyssinian king, whom the Hadiya king despised as barbaric, vulgar and extremely low, although the Abyssinian state had expended meanwhile.
To end, I have to point out that the Ethiopian Christian kingdoms of Nobatia, Makuria and Alodia – which all spanned in the area of Northern and Central Sudan – were far larger and more developed than the state of the pseudo-emperors of Ezekiel Rediker.
(II) Calling the tiny and isolated Amhara kingdom, which never controlled even part of today´s Eritrea´s Red Sea coast, "predecessor of modern day Ethiopia" is a filthy lie. More than 82% of the population of today´s Abyssinia (falsely called Ethiopia) would undeniably reject the assumption that their past has anything to do with the Amhara kingdom of Yekuno Amlak.
You cannot attribute the historical past and the cultural heritage of subjugated nations to that of the cruel and illegal invader.
It is as if you pretend that Spain is or can be considered as "predecessor of modern day Mexico".
Does this sound strange?
If yes, this happens only because the Mexicans removed the Spanish yoke, whereas the tyrannized Ogadenis, the Oromos, the Afars, the Sidamas, the Kaffas, the Kambaatas, the Gedeos, the Shekachos, the Hadiyas, the Anuak, the Wolayitas, and the Gumuz have not yet removed the Amhara – Tigray Monophysitic (Tewahedo) Abyssinian yoke.
(III) After the monstrous hyperbole "Abyssinian Empire" comes the equally paranoid sarcasm "city-state of Ifat"! Ezekiel Rediker´s double-faceted forgery involves at the same an enormous exaggeration and an incredible shrinking!
Ezekiel Rediker´s "truth" and historical analysis is simple indeed; of those whom he wants to intentionally promote he makes a hot air balloon! And of those whom he wants to intentionally combat he makes a chewing gum!
Thank God, modern technology, the Internet, and the existence of the various search engines offer now to anyone, erudite historian or inquisitive reader, the possibility to check the veracity of a pretension.
If you search in Google, placing within brackets the words "city-state of Ifat", you will need only seconds to realize that allover the world the only falsifier to incredulously postulate this falsehood is …. the parsimonious Mr. Ezekiel Rediker!
Such is the degree of the calumny that the equivalent would be to call today´s China as the "city-state of Beijing". The extraordinary attempt demolishes Ezekiel Rediker´s entire composition because it reveals a pernicious character and a malignant predisposition to distort.
Ifat was the capital of the great Afar – Somali Empire of Awdal, which at the period under discussion was ten times larger than the tiny and barbaric state of Abyssinia of which Ezekiel Rediker makes a fake empire in order to pass under silence the real empire of Awdal that was highly developed, spanned throughout the Horn of Africa, and in addition, it was fully accredited and respected at the international level.
(IV) Periodic wars is a comical and false term; the Awdal empire was far too wealthy and developed to be possibly interested in warring with the Amhara kingdom for the arid mountain cliffs that the latter controlled. Usually, the Amhara kingdom was involved in wars with other Kushitic kingdoms, of the same small size as its own, and when over-pressurized, the Abyssinians attacked Aedal with the hope of possibly controlling some stretch of the Red Sea coastland and thus have access to the maritime trade that could become a source of increased income.
(V) The Ogaden region was totally out of the scope of the Awdal Empire´s wars with the tiny Amhara state. The best proof is that there was never a single battle fought on Ogadeni soil. Most of the battles took place on the territory of today´s provinces Afar, Oromia, Amhara and Tjgray, plus in parts of Eritrean territory. To offer an example, the battle of Amba Sel was close to a Blue Nile´s tributary named Walaqa! This is hundreds of kilometers far from Ogaden´s easternmost borderlines.
(VI) Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim was certainly a religious leader who rose to supreme political power. He was therefore a king and not a general. Of course, the racist and barbaric, pseudo-Christian monks of the Abyssinian state did not want to accept this reality, but their sick minds, evil desires, and inhuman attitudes cannot possibly influence the sound mind of an objective researcher today.
If the demented monks of the barbaric Abyssinian state did not accept Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim as King of Awdal, too bad for them! They went to Hell, when the great Somali conqueror burned their filthy palaces and pseudo-Christian temples.
By calling Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim merely an imam and a general, the racist Anti-African pseudo-historians of the West try to place him at a rank lower than that of the trashy Amhara pseudo-king.
The extent of the falsification is again enormous because in real History, the head of the Amhara king Dawit II was crushed to death in the battle of Debre Demo, under the Somali foot, which is a permanent and irreversible humiliation of the entire Amhara nation and its memory typified the rancorous Amhara soul.
And where is Ezekiel Rediker´s responsibility to respect - as an author – the existing historical sources?
Nowhere.
Even the Portuguese historical sources (those of the real enemies of the Great Somali King Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim) call him as "King" (Cristovao da Gama). In this regard, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_da_Gama
(VII) This is Ezekiel Rediker´s fictional history or rather Baron Münchhausen's Narratives about Eastern Africa. How could King Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim possibly drive Abyssinians out of a land (namely, Ogaden) where they had never even dreamt to reach, let alone occupy? Already, Ezekiel Rediker´s case of methodic falsification seems to reflect a pathological case.
(VIII) There cannot be found any historical reference to confirm this lie; King Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim, to detroy the Abyssinian barbarism, did not need to declare a Jihad, and there hasn´t been any historical source to ever mention something similar. The falsification in this case is purely intentional and absolutely political of content; by involving the term ´Jihad´, a term widely diffused to essentially uninformed and deliberately besotted (because of the mass media) Western readership, Ezekiel Rediker intends to portray the King Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim as sort of Osama bin Laden before his time!
Then, if we consider the great visionary, intellectual, mystic and King Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim as a terrorist, how can we accurately describe Menelik and Haile Selassie, except by labeling them bestial cannibals and inhuman monsters worse than the most ulcerous Nazi gangster?
(IX) Times and again, there was no Abyssinian empire at those days.
(X) Another fallacy is the reference to a fictional effort supposedly carried out by King Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim in order to convert people to Islam! In most of the lands he invaded, trying to eradicate the Abyssinian barbarism, the local populations were Muslim and they accepted him wholeheartedly because he removed the burden of the Amhara threats that were due to the tiny Amhara state´s efforts for expansion.
I will continue my commentary in a forthcoming article.
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