Want to Quit Smoking? There is a New Drug that May Help
DL Ennis
August 16, 2006
If you are a smoker, and especially a heavy smoker—two or more packs a day—and you’ve ever tried to quit, then you know how impossible it seems. Take heart, help may be just around the corner.
Smoking has been blamed for killing 100 million people during the 20th century. It is said to be a leading cause of cancer, heart disease and other ailments and researchers say it is on pace to kill one billion more this century if current trends continue. If you’ve ever tried to quit smoking you know how hard it is, for a variety of physiological and psychological reasons. However, new research points to a new drug—based on an older plant cure—which assist heavy smokers in their quest to quit.
Cheryl Oncken, M.D., of the University of Connecticut and her colleagues put together two randomized, double-blind studies of a new drug called—varenicline tartrate—with funding from Pfizer. The compound works by blocking nicotine from receptors by binding to them itself and triggering less significant physiological effects, which “may” help smokers resist the temptation to light up. Here is what the first study of 626 smokers revealed: those given the highest dose of varenicline quit at nearly three times the rate of those given only a placebo—48 percent and 17 percent respectively. The drug also outperformed an antidepressant, bupropion hydrochloride, sometimes used to aid smokers to quit. One year after treatment, 14 percent of the smokers using varenicline remained smoke free, compared to just 6 percent of the bupropion-treated and less than 5 percent of those given a placebo.
There were some side effects seen for the varenicline users including nausea, but the second study of 647 heavy smokers revealed that spacing out the dose of the drug over the course of the day could limit that impact while maintaining high success rates. "Varenicline tartrate … is efficacious for smoking cessation," the researchers conclude in a paper presenting the research in the current issue of Archives of Internal Medicine.
It seems that this quitting aid could have been discovered long ago: the leaves of Cytisus laburnum, or the golden rain tree, were used as a tobacco substitute by soldiers in World War II. They contain cytisine, which, like nicotine, is an insecticide and upon which varenicline is based. Research in Eastern Europe, Russia and Germany over the past 40 years seemed to show that cytisine was effective in helping smokers stop smoking but remained largely unnoticed by English-language researchers. "How many other effective drugs are there for which efficacy remained unnoticed because existing trials were not published in English?" asks Jean-Francois Etter of the University of Geneva in an accompanying review. Regardless, "all these advances will deliver real aid to curbing smoking," notes Bankole Johnson, M.D., of the University of Virginia in an accompanying commentary. "Now, a smoker who wants help to quit no longer has a legitimate excuse to delay seeking treatment." –David Biello
Smoking has been blamed for killing 100 million people during the 20th century. It is said to be a leading cause of cancer, heart disease and other ailments and researchers say it is on pace to kill one billion more this century if current trends continue. If you’ve ever tried to quit smoking you know how hard it is, for a variety of physiological and psychological reasons. However, new research points to a new drug—based on an older plant cure—which assist heavy smokers in their quest to quit.
Cheryl Oncken, M.D., of the University of Connecticut and her colleagues put together two randomized, double-blind studies of a new drug called—varenicline tartrate—with funding from Pfizer. The compound works by blocking nicotine from receptors by binding to them itself and triggering less significant physiological effects, which “may” help smokers resist the temptation to light up. Here is what the first study of 626 smokers revealed: those given the highest dose of varenicline quit at nearly three times the rate of those given only a placebo—48 percent and 17 percent respectively. The drug also outperformed an antidepressant, bupropion hydrochloride, sometimes used to aid smokers to quit. One year after treatment, 14 percent of the smokers using varenicline remained smoke free, compared to just 6 percent of the bupropion-treated and less than 5 percent of those given a placebo.
There were some side effects seen for the varenicline users including nausea, but the second study of 647 heavy smokers revealed that spacing out the dose of the drug over the course of the day could limit that impact while maintaining high success rates. "Varenicline tartrate … is efficacious for smoking cessation," the researchers conclude in a paper presenting the research in the current issue of Archives of Internal Medicine.
It seems that this quitting aid could have been discovered long ago: the leaves of Cytisus laburnum, or the golden rain tree, were used as a tobacco substitute by soldiers in World War II. They contain cytisine, which, like nicotine, is an insecticide and upon which varenicline is based. Research in Eastern Europe, Russia and Germany over the past 40 years seemed to show that cytisine was effective in helping smokers stop smoking but remained largely unnoticed by English-language researchers. "How many other effective drugs are there for which efficacy remained unnoticed because existing trials were not published in English?" asks Jean-Francois Etter of the University of Geneva in an accompanying review. Regardless, "all these advances will deliver real aid to curbing smoking," notes Bankole Johnson, M.D., of the University of Virginia in an accompanying commentary. "Now, a smoker who wants help to quit no longer has a legitimate excuse to delay seeking treatment." –David Biello
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