Kernel Fails to Load Mac OS X Files
To illustrate, suppose you use a Mac OS X 10.5.x Leopard-based computer. You try to boot the computer but experience the system displaying a gray screen with an Apple logo. You encounter a spinning gear, but the boot process doesn't progress further and kernel fails to successfully load the operating system.
Cause
Amongst other reasons, some of them are:
You have experienced an unexpected system shutdown that has rendered the disk directory unstable
Your startup disk is damaged or faulty
Your computer is running in single-user mode because of boot-args issues in NVRAM/PRAM
Directory check has failed
Solution
You need to try these methods to solve the issue:
You should wait until the system is checking the disk directory
Boot the computer using installation disk and try to repair the startup disk. Reinstall Mac OS X if required and restore data from backup
If your computer is stopping at the root#login prompt, you should reset the NVRAM/PRAM
In case of spinning gear symptoms, check verbose mode for more information about the issue.
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