There are many, many things I find dubious about the practice of parents homeschooling their children. I wonder how a mother or father who has not been educated as a teacher, who in many cases has not even been to college her/himself, can possibly provide their child with as good an education as students receive in our much-maligned public schools. And I canīt help but think that these homeschool students, of whom there are several million in the United States, are being robbed of a crucial formative experience by not attending school with other people their age and being forced to interact with a diverse group of peers.
Most disturbing is the virulent strain of religious fundamentalism that is found in the lessons being taught homeschooled children, especially in the United States. Not all American homeschooling is religious—thatīs not what Iīm saying. Iīve known people personally who were homeschooled from a secular curriculum, and there are many others like them throughout the country. I think Iīm safe in saying, however, that the majority of homeschooling in the U.S. is religious—specifically, fundamentalist Christian—in nature. This is no big secret.
(UPDATE: Thanks to a little belated research on my part, and the comments of a few homeschooling parents, I must now say that the percentage of fundamentalist Christians in homeschool in the U.S. is not as overwhelming as I state above. The National Center for Education Statistics conducted a study
in 2003 in which 72% of participating homeschool parents surveyed cited "To provide religious or moral instruction" as a reason for homeschooling their children, with 30% citing that as their most important reason. So apparently the big secret is that the majority of homeschool familys probably aren't fundamentalist Christians, and they resent the assumption, thank you very much. I stand corrected.)
The area of study most affected by the Christian bent of homeschooling is science. The religion of the guy who wrote the textbook might not matter a whole lot when youīre studying geometry or reading Romeo and Juliet, but it comes into play in a big way when you hit high school-level biology. Homeschool parents who get their biology curriculum from sources like Apologia are not teaching their children science. They are giving them a Sunday School lesson.
Instead of evolutionary biology, which has been the keystone of the life sciences for over 150 years, homeschool students are taught creationism—that the God of the Bible personally created the universe more or less as described in the Book of Genesis. There are several varieties of creationism—Young Earth, Old Earth, Omphalosian, Neo—all thoroughly discredited. Increasingly, it is dressed in the pseudoscientific trappings of intelligent design. Whatever its proponents choose to call it, regardless of the intellectual contortions it performs to make the Biblical creation account plausible, it isnīt science and it should never be taught as such.
But it is taught as science to millions of children and teenagers all over the country. Worse yet, many overtly religious homeschool organizations are empowered by their state governments to grant high school diplomas to students who have completed the required courses, with more attention paid to the title of a given course rather than the content. How can the education of a student instructed in creationism possibly be considered equivalent to that of one taught legitimate science?
One such diploma-granting homeschool organization is the Mason Dixon Homeschoolers Association (MDHSA), headquartered in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, not far from where I live. The MDHSA is an overtly fundamentalist Christian organization that uses the creationist Apologia Biology curriculum in its science courses. Its website contains a "Statement of Purpose" and excerpts from its bylaws, with which all members must agree if they wish to have full voting and office-holding privileges within the group. Among the bylaws excerpted on the website:
The Bible is the inspired and infallible Word of God and constitutes completed and final revelation. The Bible, in its original autograph, is without error in whole and in part, including theological concepts as well as geographical and historical details.
God has existed from all eternity in three persons: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Jesus Christ is God come in human flesh, being fully God and fully man except without sin.
Knowledge of Jesus Christ and the Bible is essential to proper spiritual, mental, social, and physical growth.
Moral standards and a value system consistent with the Bible best prepare a student for fulfilling his responsibilities as a citizen of our nation.[1]
"Biblical literalists" would be putting it mildly.
Also on the website, as a downloadable .pdf file, is a list of course descriptions for MDHSAīs Assisted Learning Program Service, which provides lesson plans for high school-level homeschool students. The description for the Biology course, with Apologia Biology as its source text, naturally, reads in part:
The course will include an introduction to the philosophy and history of biological science, introductory biochemistry, and a review of evolutionary theory and creation theory.[2]
Other materials offered by Apologia include the book Unlocking the Mysteries of Creation: The Explorer's Guide to the Awesome Works of God, and the DVD Icons of Evolution, described as "a hard-hitting examination of the major errors and omissions in evolutionary theory that are presented as īfactsī in todayīs high school and college textbooks." Something tells me the biology classīs review of evolutionary theory wonīt be worth much.
There is also an ALPS course entitled Physical Science, again using an Apologia textbook, whose course description promises to "especially concentrate on the myths generated by the hysterical environmentalist movement." Clearly, there are axes to grind here; clearly, the education of the students is not a paramount concern.
The description of the Physical Science course also claims "It is an excellent course for preparing the student to take a college prep high school science curriculum." I can tell you as a firsthand eyewitness that this is total crap. When I took a basic college-level general biology course last year, one of my classmates was a girl who had attended a Christian private school. Instead of legitimate science, she had been taught creationism, and thus didnīt know the first thing about what actual biological theory tells us regarding the origins of the universe and the development of life on Earth. She was not a stupid person, but her religious fundamentalist teachers had prevented her from learning some of the most rudimentary scientific knowledge. She may have been prepared to continue her academic career at Liberty University, but a first-year community college course in real science was utterly beyond her grasp.
Parents who homeschool their children in this way might respond by invoking their constitutionally guaranteed religious liberties. Iīm not suggesting their right to worship be infringed upon in the slightest. Freedom of religion is an elementary human right, as much as freedom of speech or the right to due process of law, and it must always be protected. Iīm not nuts about homeschooling, be it religious or secular, but as long as itīs legal, I say parents should be allowed to teach their children whatever they see fit to teach them.
But hereīs the catch—and Iīm afraid I must insist: if a homeschool organization, such as the MDHSA, wants to be recognized by its state government as an accredited diploma-granting institution, it must teach legitimate science, including evolutionary biology.
The religious beliefs of Christian parents are irrelevant to the issue. Creationism is not science, and neither is its gussied-up twin intelligent design. There is no serious scientific debate on this question. There has never been a single paper published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal demonstrating that creationism/intelligent design has the tiniest shred of credibility. It is the very definition of an exploded hypothesis. Biblical literalists are free to believe that the world came into being exactly as Genesis tells it, but their belief does not refute the impartially observed, irrefutable facts.
To give this a bit more proportion, imagine that you have a student attending public school and you learn that he or she is being taught in history class that American Indians are the descendants of a lost tribe of Israelites migrating to the continent thousands of years ago, or that the Holocaust is a Zionist myth, or in math class that the precise value of π is 3. Would your judgment be that your child was receiving a suitable historical or mathematical education? I think most reasonable parents would say no. The same standards should apply to science as to history and math.
The education of children is essential to the survival and positive progress of human society. Children should be taught (ideally by qualified, credentialed instructors) to read and write, to understand the basic principles of mathematics, and to understand and appreciate the beauty and complexity of the natural world through science. If you also want to teach your child about salvation through Jesus Christ, or the flood of Noah, go for it. You have, and should always have, that freedom. Itīs the birthright of every human being.
A high school diploma, on the other hand, isnīt a birthright. Itīs something that must be earned. The states have the right and the responsibility to award those diplomas only to students who have adequately completed their education. That group should not include anyone whose science studies omit evolutionary biology and include a credulous literal reading of the Bible. Those students—be they homeschoolers or attendees of religious private schools—have been cheated, and before they get to graduate, their misguided teachers should have to make good.
Most disturbing is the virulent strain of religious fundamentalism that is found in the lessons being taught homeschooled children, especially in the United States. Not all American homeschooling is religious—thatīs not what Iīm saying. Iīve known people personally who were homeschooled from a secular curriculum, and there are many others like them throughout the country. I think Iīm safe in saying, however, that the majority of homeschooling in the U.S. is religious—specifically, fundamentalist Christian—in nature. This is no big secret.
(UPDATE: Thanks to a little belated research on my part, and the comments of a few homeschooling parents, I must now say that the percentage of fundamentalist Christians in homeschool in the U.S. is not as overwhelming as I state above. The National Center for Education Statistics conducted a study
in 2003 in which 72% of participating homeschool parents surveyed cited "To provide religious or moral instruction" as a reason for homeschooling their children, with 30% citing that as their most important reason. So apparently the big secret is that the majority of homeschool familys probably aren't fundamentalist Christians, and they resent the assumption, thank you very much. I stand corrected.)
The area of study most affected by the Christian bent of homeschooling is science. The religion of the guy who wrote the textbook might not matter a whole lot when youīre studying geometry or reading Romeo and Juliet, but it comes into play in a big way when you hit high school-level biology. Homeschool parents who get their biology curriculum from sources like Apologia are not teaching their children science. They are giving them a Sunday School lesson.
Instead of evolutionary biology, which has been the keystone of the life sciences for over 150 years, homeschool students are taught creationism—that the God of the Bible personally created the universe more or less as described in the Book of Genesis. There are several varieties of creationism—Young Earth, Old Earth, Omphalosian, Neo—all thoroughly discredited. Increasingly, it is dressed in the pseudoscientific trappings of intelligent design. Whatever its proponents choose to call it, regardless of the intellectual contortions it performs to make the Biblical creation account plausible, it isnīt science and it should never be taught as such.
But it is taught as science to millions of children and teenagers all over the country. Worse yet, many overtly religious homeschool organizations are empowered by their state governments to grant high school diplomas to students who have completed the required courses, with more attention paid to the title of a given course rather than the content. How can the education of a student instructed in creationism possibly be considered equivalent to that of one taught legitimate science?
One such diploma-granting homeschool organization is the Mason Dixon Homeschoolers Association (MDHSA), headquartered in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, not far from where I live. The MDHSA is an overtly fundamentalist Christian organization that uses the creationist Apologia Biology curriculum in its science courses. Its website contains a "Statement of Purpose" and excerpts from its bylaws, with which all members must agree if they wish to have full voting and office-holding privileges within the group. Among the bylaws excerpted on the website:
The Bible is the inspired and infallible Word of God and constitutes completed and final revelation. The Bible, in its original autograph, is without error in whole and in part, including theological concepts as well as geographical and historical details.
God has existed from all eternity in three persons: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Jesus Christ is God come in human flesh, being fully God and fully man except without sin.
Knowledge of Jesus Christ and the Bible is essential to proper spiritual, mental, social, and physical growth.
Moral standards and a value system consistent with the Bible best prepare a student for fulfilling his responsibilities as a citizen of our nation.[1]
"Biblical literalists" would be putting it mildly.
Also on the website, as a downloadable .pdf file, is a list of course descriptions for MDHSAīs Assisted Learning Program Service, which provides lesson plans for high school-level homeschool students. The description for the Biology course, with Apologia Biology as its source text, naturally, reads in part:
The course will include an introduction to the philosophy and history of biological science, introductory biochemistry, and a review of evolutionary theory and creation theory.[2]
Other materials offered by Apologia include the book Unlocking the Mysteries of Creation: The Explorer's Guide to the Awesome Works of God, and the DVD Icons of Evolution, described as "a hard-hitting examination of the major errors and omissions in evolutionary theory that are presented as īfactsī in todayīs high school and college textbooks." Something tells me the biology classīs review of evolutionary theory wonīt be worth much.
There is also an ALPS course entitled Physical Science, again using an Apologia textbook, whose course description promises to "especially concentrate on the myths generated by the hysterical environmentalist movement." Clearly, there are axes to grind here; clearly, the education of the students is not a paramount concern.
The description of the Physical Science course also claims "It is an excellent course for preparing the student to take a college prep high school science curriculum." I can tell you as a firsthand eyewitness that this is total crap. When I took a basic college-level general biology course last year, one of my classmates was a girl who had attended a Christian private school. Instead of legitimate science, she had been taught creationism, and thus didnīt know the first thing about what actual biological theory tells us regarding the origins of the universe and the development of life on Earth. She was not a stupid person, but her religious fundamentalist teachers had prevented her from learning some of the most rudimentary scientific knowledge. She may have been prepared to continue her academic career at Liberty University, but a first-year community college course in real science was utterly beyond her grasp.
Parents who homeschool their children in this way might respond by invoking their constitutionally guaranteed religious liberties. Iīm not suggesting their right to worship be infringed upon in the slightest. Freedom of religion is an elementary human right, as much as freedom of speech or the right to due process of law, and it must always be protected. Iīm not nuts about homeschooling, be it religious or secular, but as long as itīs legal, I say parents should be allowed to teach their children whatever they see fit to teach them.
But hereīs the catch—and Iīm afraid I must insist: if a homeschool organization, such as the MDHSA, wants to be recognized by its state government as an accredited diploma-granting institution, it must teach legitimate science, including evolutionary biology.
The religious beliefs of Christian parents are irrelevant to the issue. Creationism is not science, and neither is its gussied-up twin intelligent design. There is no serious scientific debate on this question. There has never been a single paper published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal demonstrating that creationism/intelligent design has the tiniest shred of credibility. It is the very definition of an exploded hypothesis. Biblical literalists are free to believe that the world came into being exactly as Genesis tells it, but their belief does not refute the impartially observed, irrefutable facts.
To give this a bit more proportion, imagine that you have a student attending public school and you learn that he or she is being taught in history class that American Indians are the descendants of a lost tribe of Israelites migrating to the continent thousands of years ago, or that the Holocaust is a Zionist myth, or in math class that the precise value of π is 3. Would your judgment be that your child was receiving a suitable historical or mathematical education? I think most reasonable parents would say no. The same standards should apply to science as to history and math.
The education of children is essential to the survival and positive progress of human society. Children should be taught (ideally by qualified, credentialed instructors) to read and write, to understand the basic principles of mathematics, and to understand and appreciate the beauty and complexity of the natural world through science. If you also want to teach your child about salvation through Jesus Christ, or the flood of Noah, go for it. You have, and should always have, that freedom. Itīs the birthright of every human being.
A high school diploma, on the other hand, isnīt a birthright. Itīs something that must be earned. The states have the right and the responsibility to award those diplomas only to students who have adequately completed their education. That group should not include anyone whose science studies omit evolutionary biology and include a credulous literal reading of the Bible. Those students—be they homeschoolers or attendees of religious private schools—have been cheated, and before they get to graduate, their misguided teachers should have to make good.
