In a series of earlier articles, in which we revealed hidden plans against the peoples of the Horn of Africa, we denounced the purpose of the Horn of Africa Conference, which contributes to the colonial plans aiming at the formation of a vast tyrannical, colonial empire spanning from Egypt’s southern border to the coast of Kenya, named ‘Coptic Republic of Ethiopia’.

We then focused on an incredible and absolutely fallacious article of bogus-historical contents published as support of the aforementioned conference by Mammo Muchie (‘Unite the people from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean’ / http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article23512).

For the interested readers, we mention here the earlier articles on the subject, offering the respective links to them:

1. Colonial Plans for the Horn of Africa – ‘Ethiopia’ to border with Egypt? /

http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=37960

2. Horn of Africa - Monstrous Colonial Plans Unveiled / http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=37904

(both articles consist in an analysis of the colonial plans)

3. The Horn of Africa Conference Clique, and their Dark Plans for Egypt, Sudan, 'Ethiopia', and Somalia / http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=38050

(refutation of the introduction of Mammo Mushie’s article)

4. Horn of Africa History, Colonial Plans, and the Outrageous Forger Mammo Muchie /

http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=38115, and

5. Horn of Africa History, Colonial Plans, and the Outrageous Forger Mammo Muchie – Part II /

http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=38460

6. Horn of Africa History, Colonial Plans, and the Outrageous Forger Mammo Muchie – Part III /

http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=38609

7. Horn of Africa History, Colonial Plans, and the Outrageous Forger Mammo Muchie – Part IV /

http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=39810

8. Horn of Africa History, Colonial Plans, and the Outrageous Forger Mammo Muchie – Part V /

http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=40056

(refutation of the main part of Mammo Mushie’s article, under subtitle ‘Myth of Origin’) The fact that the error analysis has become so long underscores the extraordinary character of the historical distortion contained within that article.

In the present article, we will continue uncovering the fraudulent presentation of Eastern African History by Mammo Muchie in his article’s last parts that are entitled ‘Build the Unity of the People from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean’ and ‘The Only Way out is Unity not fighting and spreading hate and lies!’ (the latter in guise of conclusion). We will thus demonstrate the treacherous, totalitarian and inhuman character of the plan for a larger Coptic Republic of Ethiopia, and the criminal intentions of those who propagate it.

To help the reader, we will first publish the two last parts of Mammo Muchie’s article, and then the refutation. Numbers encrusted in Mammo Muchie’s text refer to points of refutation.

Build the Unity of the People from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean (Unite the people from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean) by M. Muchie

The people of the region must enter into an overriding project to unite and reject colonial boundaries. 1 It is a scandal that in 1998-2000 nearly 100,000 people died to defend borders drawn by others for their own reasons against the interest of the grassroots population by the elites that chose to split Eritrea from Ethiopia and bring both regions to the brink. 2 This is indeed a historic wrong that continues to amaze all justice and humane people throughout the world. 3 Not only has a war being fought, but to this day a no war and no peace state prevails affecting negatively the people who live on both sides of the Mereb River.

The elites have created refugees from each side 4 and it looks the refugees have turned into a breeding ground to destabilise each regime. In recent weeks a new rhetoric has been launched by both the rulers in Ethiopia and those in Eritrea . Isias has given an interview in a glossy magazine in three languages about his undying and unchanging commitment to a ‘one Ethiopia —andit or hanti Ethiopia ’!!! He declared in the front cover: “It’s our persistent stance to strive for a united Ethiopia .” Isias utters such a statement, according to the Ethiopian ambassador in Stockholm, whilst hosting forces that have an explicit agenda to break away and create splinter states from Ethiopia in Asmara! 5

It is also the case that Isias has been instrumental in the support given to the TPLF during its early formation. It is no exaggeration that the formulation of Eritrea’s relation with Ethiopia as a relation between colonized Eritrea and colonizer Ethiopia has given impetus to the tactics and strategy of using and exacerbating ethnic division 6 in order to facilitate Ethiopia ’s separation from Ethiopia . This strategy has been used by the EPLF and now it looks rhetorically Isias wishes to join the forces of unity rather than the forces of fragmentation. 7 Curiously in the back cover of this glossy magazine which was distributed at the Lund conference, it has a picture of engineer Hailu Shawl of CUD and Siye Abraha of the TPLF!! Siye has been credited for refusing to be bullied by Isias and urging to re-arrange fair settlement of the Eritrea and Ethiopian problem.

To his credit Isias now seems to oppose ethnic inequalities under the guise of equalising ethnic communities in his concept of ‘hanti Ethiopia’: He said:” The people of Tigray have suffered and have become victims of the hostility created by the TPLF regime’s apparent favour towards the people of Tigray over other ethnic groups.” (p.56) What prompted this commentary in a glossy magazine projecting an austere and modest Isias? If indeed there is a profound change in the way Isias understands Ethiopia , his call for ‘hanti Ethiopia’ can be welcomed. The real problem is what does Isias understand by it and even more does his word and deed match or go in opposite directions as the Ethiopian ambassador to Stockholm pointed out at the conference? The true reasons for this latest posturing by both sides, i.e., Isias swearing for Ethiopian unity on the one hand, and Meles and Sebhat swearing to preserve Eritrean sovereignty on the other, may be revealed when something in terms of actions ensue. 8

The only way that the recent rhetoric from Isias can be taken seriously is if it stops him from reacting with knee jerk logic and continues to support forces that keep mis-formulating relations between Ethiopia and others in the region 9 with concepts of colonialism and such like. Any colonial formulation is not aimed at a fight against the regime in Ethiopia now. It becomes a fight against Ethiopia’s existence: it is thus, above all, a fighting of the very survival and ontology of Ethiopia as an entity and country itself. 10

The TPLF leaders now in power too believe in such loose concepts as Ethiopia being a ‘colonial power in Eritrea’ and they too are putting at risk the very survival of Ethiopia both by the clumsiness of ethnicsing the country’s politics 11 and by insisting Ethiopia has been a ‘colonial’ power over Eritrea 12 until they took over the helm of state and found they have to deal with their own idiotic games on Ethiopia’s future. Such self-serving formulation has deeply hurt Ethiopia ’s prospects and future. 13 The worry that Ethiopia may be harmed by them is shared by all those who understand Ethiopians having a project of unification of the people who share a long history and fate from the Red sea to the Indian Ocean. 14

Searching for a Constuitive Foundation to unite the people in the Region

Looking back to the long duree, 15 one sees the origin of each of the states we now call Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan is shared and similar. 16

And if we, for example, take the origin of Ethiopia we see two myths of origin: one is Atiopik, grandson of Noah who created the Ethiopian nation and his son Aksumai who formed the Axumite civilisation. 17 In this sense Ethiopia which included not only the states of Eritrea, Djibouti and Somali and Sudan, 18 but also southern Egypt, 19 Yemen east of Aden, 20 Southern Saudi Arabia 21 can be seen like what Scandinavia is to Norway, Denmark, Finland and Sweden today. 22 The other version is Ethiopia as in the Greek term for sun- burnt faces, in this latter sense-making, Ethiopia can mean ’the whole of Africa’ today. 23

If we take each of the states and play back history we see the organic connections that existed amongst them throughout history until the 19th century Scramble for Africa. 24 This brings us to an important theorem. How have we tried to understand the past? 25 How should we understand it now? 26 Should we derive positive possibilities from our past or condemn it? 27 Should we dialogue with the past or reject it? 28 Can we back-cast to look far ahead in the future and shape the future together with rules and procedures for full rights of all the grassroots whilst finding workable arrangements for living together peacefully and with security and stability? What constitutive foundation 29 will bring the people from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean to live together in peace, 30 stability, 31 security 32 and unity 33 by doing away with the hurts, hatreds, fights 34 and various unhealthy interventions by outsiders 35 owing to the chronic mistrust, 36 fragmentation 37 and divisions amongst the people that has made it possible for such negative and destructive interventions to occur so frequently and so unnecessarily? 38 How can we heal the divisions 39 and create trust 40 to go beyond the innumerable tragedies, hatreds and fights that have accumulated over years and years of wrongs and internal oppressions backed by external divisive interests? 41

Moreover should we look back to our past to learn from it or justify the current fragmentation?42 Should we look at the past to justify division rather than overcome it? 43 Should we look at the past to set new standards rather than accept the ineffective post-colonial states that have earned the ignominy of fragile, collapsed and failed states varied status? 44 How can we derive positive and constructive spirit and energy from the past to create a positive and constructive spirit and energy capable of generating a national direction for transforming the individual, society, and economy, polity with shared democratic systems, rule of law, human rights and governance in the region as a whole? 45

The 19th century division mutilated the body of our region 46 as indeed it did mutilate the whole of Africa 47 to use Fanon’s words. As the distinguished thinker Prof. Kwesi Prah put it: “We had nothing to do with the creation of these states (say from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean in our case). They were created for us, not with the intent of serving our interests, but rather with the object of benefiting the European powers, 48 which carried out this carve-up, so painfully, and with ruthless determination. Ironically, while we often bemoan colonialism and the legacies of the colonialists, we appear to want to defend, most tenaciously, the most detrimental legacy of colonialism, the colonial borders.”(The Africa Nation: the State of the Nation, CASAS, Cape Town , 2006, pp.289-290). 49 Wars have been fought between Ethiopia and Somalia, Ethiopia and Eritrea to defend colonial borders 50 drawn by others for their own purposes. People have died in hundreds and thousands for something that must be rejected and not defended. Eritrea and Ethiopian ruling elites tell us they are in a ‘no war and no peace’ state situation because they are fighting over the issue of making sure one of the borders drawn by Italy that divides families and parishes must be honoured. Such is the utter bankruptcy, 51 myopia, 52 lack of self-respect, 53 and criminality of the elites 54 that rule over with crude power and putting at risk our region and not having any positive hope to offer a way out. 55

The Only Way out is Unity not fighting and spreading hate and lies!

This commentary was prompted by the Conference on the Horn of Africa in Lund. I found the emotional temperature of this conference very high. It was difficult sometimes to see a constructive way out when people who should behave as organic intellectuals and see deeper and with greater vision feel hurt and communicate that hurt. I write this to urge us to go beyond the hurt and find a resourceful way to deal with the many problems and conflicts that complicate the emergence of a bright future for our region. 56

I think we can only ignore or side step the variegated history of communication of the peoples through migration, civilisation, wars and injustices at our peril. 57 The past must be dealt with moral intelligence 58 and we must be prepared to deploy and construct the present and shape the future. The 19th century burden must be lifted from the backs of our region by only rejecting it and not defending it. 57 Unity of the region must be a priority of priorities. The people must be allowed to come together. 58 The elites must stop using various stratagems to obstruct the crystallisation of people’s unity in the region. 59 The people’s transactions must be increased systematically and not discouraged. The architecture of peace and stability must be built not partially but regionally. 60 There must be legitimate and agreed rules and procedures to bring us together. 61 Without building a common perspective of the region 62 in relation to external and internal challenges, it would be difficult to create enduring institutions that can valorise the power, rights and freedoms of the people of the region 63 by constructive a flexible, sustainable and workable democratic arrangements.

The current destructive expressions of elite nationalisms would not bring the region together too. 64 Religion would not bring us together either. 65 Only sustained commitment to democratisation and liberty to realise and consolidate the unity of the region and the people from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean will bring us to the promise land of unity and development in freedom. 66 And once we unite, we can create the model for the next important project: the unification of Africa starting from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean and culminating with from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean. 67 When we become more Africans, we become even stronger Ethiopians, Somalis and Sudanese 68 by embedding our security, stability, peace, freedom, democracy, rule of law, freedoms of association and speech and governance in our region on a sustainable pedigree. 69

Refutation of Mammo Muchie’s ‘Build the Unity of the People from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean’ (Unite the people from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean)

Point 1

The article’s next part starts with an aberration; the idea that the various and different peoples between Egypt and Kenya (Forger Mammo Muchie keeps using the fallacious term ‘people’ instead of ‘peoples’ and ‘nations’) ‘must enter into an overriding project to unite’ is a pathetic assumption of Mammo Muchie’s; if anything, it represents the secretive plans of the Freemasonic colonial elite of France and England.

As a matter of fact, the idea is totally unknown and absolutely unsolicited to all the indigenous, terrorized and tyrannized peoples who have long been the target of the inhuman Amhara Abyssinian aggression and racism. To reject the colonial boundaries, as Mammo Muchie suggests, implies the independence of the Shekachos, the Kaffas, the Anuak, the Wolayitas, the Agaw, the Afars, the Sidamas, the Oromos, and the Ogadenis, who all have been subjugated and colonized by the Amhara Abyssinians; the latter were recently masqueraded as ‘Ethiopians’, thus usurping a foreign historical name that does belong to them.

Point 2

There are no ‘elites that chose to split ‘Eritrea from Ethiopia’; the event of Eritrea’s secession relates to the need of the oppressed and tyrannized peoples of colonial Abyssinia to get liberated and independent. It all hinges of the Fundamental Human Rights that incredibly totalitarian of conviction, Mammo Muchie provocatively ignores. The question is how this ignorance and disrespect of Human Rights are allowed to supposedly academic personnel of Aalborg University.

Point 3

What continues to ‘amaze’ people throughout the world is how in the year 2007 people can exist and have positions in European universities, without being ashamed to support tyrannical relics of states, anachronistic and inhuman tyrannies that never demonstrated the slightest interest in humanizing the life of millions of destitute peoples that they invaded, in respecting the oppressed peoples’ cultures, religions, and languages, and in contributing to local development - even through just coping with what has occurred allover the world.

The historic wrong Mammo Muchie seems to care about is nothing, compared to the historic crimes and the genocides perpetrated by the Amhara and Tigray Abyssinian invaders against the Shekachos, the Kaffas, the Anuak, the Wolayitas, the Agaw, the Afars, the Sidamas, the Oromos, and the Ogadenis, who were all historical African nations with cultures, religions and languages far more developed and sophisticated, more original and more human than the Abyssinian cruelty and darkness.

As long as Mammo Muchie does not recognize the Amhara and Tigray crimes against all the rest, does not demand the independence and the freedom of all these tyrannized peoples of Abyssinia, and does not deploy all possible efforts for the preservation of their languages, and the free practice of their cultures and religions, he has no place in a European university, and he has no right to speak for ‘just’, ‘righteous’ and ‘humane’ people.

Point 4

The mendacious and hypocritical character of Mammo Muchie is masterfully revealed in this excerpt; the ‘foreign elites’ – the imprecise, vague and nebulous nonsense of Mammo Muchie – ‘have created refugees’ in both, Eritrea and Abyssinia, he says! His interest for the conditions that trigger the phenomenon of refugees is truly late, partial and pernicious.

Late – because he cares for the refugees of 1999 - 2001, and not for the refugees of 1880, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1980. When millions of Shekachos, Kaffas, Anuak, Wolayitas, Agaw, Afars, Sidamas, Oromos, and Ogadenis were forced to exile, Mammo Muchie was probably “busy” pocketing the money of European institutions that promote the diffusion of the Amhara Neo-Nazi Supremacy over the Horn of Africa.

Partial – because he cares for refugees of Amhara and mainly Tigray origin, disregarding that at this very moment the criminal gangster Meles Zenawi causes massive refugee exodus from Ogaden and Somalia. The Amharas and the Tigrays have greater value for him than the oppressed Shekachos, Kaffas, Anuak, Wolayitas, Agaw, Afars, Sidamas, Oromos, and Ogadenis, who must probably be considered as “insects”; ‘thinking’ so, Mammo Muchie joins his racist Amhara compatriots.

Pernicious – because he cares for some thousands of people, disregarding millions of refugees, and ignoring millions of innocent people massacred by the Amhara and Tigray Abyssinian butchers.

Point 5 - Issaias Afeworki’s duplicity and mendacity

When Mammo Muchie attempts to reproach to Issaias Afeworki duplicity and mendacity, he may be right, but he lacks the necessary moral stature to convincingly expand on the subject. There is no doubt that Issaias Afeworki’s recent, sudden, unexpected and irrelevant support of Abyssinia’s unity is relevant to hypocrisy.

But the Eritrean President is not the only to have promised and to have failed to deliver. Meles Zenawi promised much more in the early 90s; he drafted a Constitution that when one carefully studies it, one thinks it outshines the American and the French Constitutions combined! Deceitfully enough, the Constitution of a supposedly federal state became a non-functional paper, useless and futile. And the Abyssinian tyranny continued unhindered. Where are Mammo Muchie’s criticism of, opposition to, and concern with tyrant Meles Zenawi’s duplicity and mendacity?

Even worse than the ailing Tigray chieftain who desperately tries to impersonate the Abyssinian premier, the Kinijit opposition represents even greater danger for the oppressed peoples of Abyssinia. Absolutely controlled by Amhara Neo-Nazists, the Kinijit mendicants have ‘hired’ a few disoriented Oromos, have offered them positions that are great to show and minimal to assume, and have portrayed themselves as the aspiring democratic alternative to Tigray chieftain Zenawi.

Just ask who the Kinijit leader is, and you get the full picture! Hailu Shawul!

An incredible Amhara relic, friend, colleague, associate, and minister of the cruel and murderous Communist Dictator Mengistu. Unrepentable and incorrigible, the Amhara totalitarian and barbaric elite fabricated the Kinijit party as a tool to return to power; to spread Democracy as they say.

What will this Democracy be? Suffice it that you read their texts, and soon you realize that they campaign against the federal character of Abyssinia, which is not truly implemented but simply referred to within the Constitution.

What means to be against the federal character of a country that is a disparate array of unrelated nations regrouped only because of merciless tyranny? It simply heralds a severe deterioration of the current tyrannical conditions. Automatically, by themselves, the Kinijit official texts bear witness to the mendacity and the duplicity of their authors. Where are Mammo Muchie’s denunciation of, disagreement with, and challenge to Neo-Nazi Kinijit party’s duplicity and mendacity?

Point 6

Of course it is an exaggeration that the formulation of the Eritrean – Abyssinian relationship, as typical of the ‘colonizer – colonized’ type, gave impetus to the tactics and strategy of using and exacerbating ethnic division; such a statement is sheer aberration.

Nothing can exacerbate ‘ethnic divisions’ in Abyssinia more than the persistence of the incredible and abhorrent tyranny, and the continuation of the barbaric rule various Amhara and Tigray establishments have so long exercised over the Shekachos, the Kaffas, the Anuak, the Wolayitas, the Agaw, the Afars, the Sidamas, the Oromos, and the Ogadenis.

Nothing can exacerbate the division, the hatred, and the revenge more than the prolongation of the existing situation.

Mammo Muchie, and all the apologists of the Abyssinian Racist and Inhuman Tyranny, must understand it once forever: ‘Ethiopia’ is over.

Africa’s most atrocious tyranny is unsustainable. Period.

Point 7 – Eritrea was never Abyssinian (‘Ethiopian’) in the last 1300 years

Ethiopia’s separation from Ethiopia; what a comical formulation! Eritrea’s territory was never part of the Abyssinian kingdom that more recently has been disreputably masqueraded as ‘Ethiopia’.

The Axumite kingdom of Abyssinia did control the Red Sea coast from Massawa (Adulis) to Assab (Avalites); that’s true.

But its control expanded up to Axum and the surrounding area (in today’s Tigray province of Abyssinia); the entire territory of the Amhara province was completely out of the Axumite king’s control, inhabited by scarce populations.

The Axumite kingdom occupied occasionally territories of the Meroitic Kingdom of Ethiopia, invaded for a brief period Yemen (from where the Axumites originate), but never controlled areas beyond the surface of today’s Eritrea and the Tigray province of Abyssinia.

Territories of modern Somalia, Djibouti, and the present provinces of Ogaden, Oromia, South, Amhara, Benishangul, Gambella, and Afar were never conquered by the Axumites. And only a very small part of NE Sudan (named ‘Ethiopia’ in the Antiquity) was occupied for probably less than 50 years.

With the Islamic explosion, the Axumite kingdom lost its coastal territories, and due to its exclusion from the Sea route of the East – West Trade, was soon decomposed and plunged to insignificance. Kushitic populations rose then to power, shifting thus the focus further to the South (Lalibela). Axumite migrations to the area of Lake Tana occurred probably due to strong Islamic impact and expansion in the coastal zone and the adjacent inland.

With the rise of the heinous and revengeful Amhara to power, the pseudo-Solomonic dynasty controlled limited territory around the lake Tana for approximately 600 years, and was repeatedly threatened to extinction because of the expansion of powerful Somali states.

As continuation to the Ottoman rise as African superpower in the early 16th century, and due to the fact that the Turkish Sultan superceded the earlier Caliphs, taking from Cairo to Istanbul all the insignia of the Islamic Political Power (1517), the Muslims of the Red Sea coastal areas, and the Horn of Africa region viewed in him the Leader of the Islamic World. As a matter of fact, the entire Arabic peninsula, Yemen and Oman were integral possessions of the Caliphate.

For many long centuries, today’s Eritrean territory was integral part of the immense Islamic Caliphate that was ruled over three continents from Istanbul.

With the collapse of the Ottoman control in Africa, semi-independent and semi-colonized Egypt, under French and English pressure, occupied for two decades the Ottoman Caliphatic territories that were then invaded by the Italians.

Abyssinian control over Eritrea is a recent, paradoxical and abnormal phenomenon that lasted a few decades, plunging the East African coastal country to Amhara-spread pestilence and disaster.

As a matter of fact, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia are historically closer to today’s Turkey than the so-called ‘Ethiopia’. Eritrea was therefore never ‘Ethiopia’.

Even worse for the outrageous forger Mammo Muchie, the Shekachos, the Kaffas, the Anuak, the Wolayitas, the Agaw, the Afars, the Sidamas, the Oromos, and the Ogadenis were never part of Abyssinia.

And even worse, Abyssinia has no right to the historically Kushitic name of Ethiopia. There was never, and there will never be ‘Ethiopia’s separation from Ethiopia’: only the Racist, un-African, Amhara / Tigray pestilence has to be definitely isolated and thoroughly dealt with.

Furthermore, there are no ‘forces of unity’ and ‘forces of fragmentation’ in Abyssinia; the correct terms are the following: forces of Racist, Neo-Nazi, Amhara / Tigray Tyranny, and forces of Freedom, National Liberation, and Democracy.

Point 8 – United Abyssinia: wish of all rivals of the oppressed peoples

It is not part of the present refutation articles to analyze Afeworki’s duplicity; it can relate to political tactics, truth, mendacity, anything; it can be a statement demanded by a European colonial power in exchange of momentary support. It has no importance; in true terms of analysis, any country, neighbor or not, rival or not, that would desire the continuation of the engulfment of Abyssinia’s numerous peoples into underdevelopment and poverty would certainly wish the continuation of the ‘united’ country that comes at the global bottom of the world statistics for almost all socioeconomic parameters.

An enemy of the numerous oppressed peoples of Abyssinia would be afraid of an Independent Sidama Land in full national exploitation of its rich national resources, of a Somalia united, and of an Ogaden united with Somalia, and so on.

Why on earth should Afeworki wish to have an Independent Afar Republic seceding from Abyssinia only to demand Eritrean respect for Eritrea’s Afars’ Rights?

It does not take a Ph.D. in Astrophysics to understand that if the Cemetery of People “Ethiopia” collapses, and a Tigray Republic of Abyssinia is formed on the Eritrean borders, this new state will immediately position itself as the natural, historical, National Home for all the Tigrays, canceling therefore the raison d’ etre of Eritrea.

With his so poor results in terms of multi-cultural education, economic progress, and Human Rights, Afeworki would not stand one month against a hypothetical – yet so close – Tigray Republic of Abyssinia.

Pathetically enough, Mammo Muchie takes Afeworki’s treacherous and nonsensical words at face value! If Afeworki wants to oppose ‘ethnic inequalities’, he has to offer to the Kunamas, the Bejas, and the Afars of Eritrea all they deserve, namely respect of their Rights, and real projects of development in any sense. Only Mammo Muchie could speak about a ‘profound change’ because of Afeworki’s recent bubbles; however, his attitude shows how desperate the Amhara Abyssinian elite is, seeing the eruption moment of the Volcano “Ethiopia” coming very soon.

What he finds finally possible, namely that Zenawi and Afeworki, both Tigray and both Monophysitic Christian, may support one another atop both countries, has been suggested by many analysts, and it has a certain dose of truth; however, this situation cannot find a remedy in the far more antidemocratic approach of Kinijit Neo-Nazi Amhara party that denies the existence of so many culturally, religiously, and linguistically different nations in Abyssinia. Yet, there is no common link among these nations, except the horrendous tyranny that has long been adjusted to them in the most inhuman way.

Point 9 – Whom to unite and whom to divide!

When Mammo Muchie tries to give a few lessons to Afeworki, we have some of the most pompous expressions of felony; in what sense Afeworki’s “knee jerk logic” is bad, and Menelik’s, Haile Selassie’s, Mengistu’s, Meles Zenawi’s or Hailu Shawul’s pitiless murderer logic is acceptable?

And who will specify what “mis-formulating relations between ‘Ethiopia’ and others in the region” is? This is up to the main actors of the region, namely the people of divided Somalia, the Afars and the Issas of Djibouti, the various tyrannized nations of Sudan and ‘Ethiopia’, and the misrepresented peoples of Eritrea to define.

The Afars of Obock (Djibouti) and Assab (Eritrea) will say that ‘Ethiopia’ is the most excruciating and monstrous political fabrication that consists in the main impediment in the way of Afar reunification and nation building.

The inhabitants of Somaliland, Puntland and Maakhir will express their indignation for Abyssinia’s disastrous involvement in the unsolicited fragmentation of Somalia, and the outrageous forger Mammo Muchie will have to agree; in the same way he is against fragmentation in the case of Abyssinia, he has to be against fragmentation, when it comes to Somalia.

This is the discriminatory approach of the Neo-Nazi visitor of European universities:

When it comes to just one people, as in the case of the Somalis, who have been mercilessly segregated in Abyssinia (Ogaden), Djibouti, Somaliland, Maakhir, Puntland, occupied Southern Somalia, and Kenya, Mammo Muchie wants this people remain fragmented and multi-divided.

Contrarily, when there are many peoples and nations, so deeply different one from another, as in the case of the long tyrannized Shekachos, Kaffas, Anuak, Wolayitas, Agaw, Afars, Sidamas, Oromos, and Ogadenis (Somalis) of Abyssinia, Mammo Muchie calls for unity – which is implemented only through unbearable tyranny, monstrous excruciation, cynical murders, and unlimited genocide.

In the end, the only mis-formulation ‘between ‘Ethiopia’ and others in the region’ is due to the racist Amharas and Tigrays –alone. The uneducated and backward tribes of the arid mountains have totally misunderstood their role and their position in the area. They think they have the Supremacy ‘right’ to invade the rest, to barbarize the adjacent peoples with their fallacious and heretic version of Bogus-Christianity, and to utterly tyrannize and ultimately exterminate them.

Not only they are absolutely wrong, but they must properly be dealt with by the international community. Amharas and Tigrays must be segregated from the rest in a way that they will not be able to damage so many nations,

they must be cast away as the villainous pariah of the Mankind, and

they must put under UN mandate that

1. will strip them from the illegally used name of ‘Ethiopia’,

2. impose a systematic democratic process,

3. eradicate totally the racist Abyssinian education, replacing it with a modern systematic approach and acceptable contents,

4. produce a local democratic elite, able to undertake finally a nation building process, and thus

5. irreversibly eliminate at all costs the Racist and Neo-Nazi Amhara and Tigray elites that are genuinely perilous for the Global Security.

Point 10

At last, Mammo Muchie understood it plainly; the existence of the fallaciously named ‘Ethiopia’ Amhara / Tigray tyranny of the Abyssinian barbaric tribes is the greater threat against Humanism, Civilization, Human Rights, Democracy, Freedom, Progress and Prosperity in Africa.

Ethiopia’ cannot exist; it is as simple as that, and Mammo Muchie and his instructors must understand it once forever.

If instead, of accepting reality and agreeing to the final split of bogus-Ethiopia, the Amhara – Tigray elites become – in their pathetic ignorance and idiocy – the tool for the formation of wider scope Horn of Africa state, they will find themselves in the worst possible position, something that they never imagined.

As the establishment of the colonial Coptic Republic of Ethiopia, from Egypt to Kenya, represents the final stage of the European Freemasonic colonial plans, when the frame – for which the Amharas and the Tigrays have been used without truly realizing it – will be completed, the existence of the Monophysitic Church of Abyssinia will become the foremost target of the thus far misunderstood masters of the Amhara and Tigray demented elites.

Only then, the Amhara and Tigray rulers will frustratingly realize that they helped form a state for others’ purposes, and that they will be then confronted with a hard choice between assimilation to Catholic Christianity and adhesion to Islam.

It will be too bad and too late for them.

Point 11 – ‘Ethiopia’ was never a nation, and it will never become!

It is incredible to reach the point of forming inadequate terms and descriptions in order to promote misconceptions that emanate from an author’s deepest chauvinism. What can possibly the farfetched ‘clumsiness of ethnicizing the country’s politics’ be? If in a country there are various nations and ethnic groups, that country’s politics are de facto ‘ethnicized’ ab ovo! It happens even in democratic countries; Belgium is an excellent example in this regard.

It seems that Mammo Muchie needs a crash course in Political Sciences, Human Rights, the Modern Concept of Nation, and the basics of the Renaissance and Enlightenment philosophers.

It is not clumsy but rightful, pertinent and perfect for an oppressed nation to consider options, tactics and strategies leading to Independence. Anything pertaining to the cultural, educational, social, economic and political development and progress of a nation – either the nation is independent or oppressed – is genuinely positive and progressive; there is no clumsiness in it.

Every nation should first focus on inner development and progress, ways to set it on a correct and representative structure with common participation of the nation’s components.

Why on earth should the Sidamas, who are as different from the Amharas and the Tigrays as the Chinese are from the Somalis, care about the two Abyssinian Semitic tribes? They are totally unrelated to them.

The only reason the Sidamas may take into account the Abyssinian elites’ policies and deeds is that Sidama Land is still occupied by these two tribes, and tyrannically kept within the colonial borders of Abyssinia. Apart from secession, there is nothing, and there should be nothing in a Sidama political party debates (and so in debates taking place among political formations of the other tyrannized nations of Abyssinia) to be related to the alien Amharas and Tigrays.

So, there is nothing wrong with putting at risk the very survival of ‘Ethiopia’; Mammo Muchie should realize that there is nothing worse in the world than the survival of the ominous, monstrous and criminal state that he strives to preserve. Abyssinia has characteristically been the most un-African and anti-African state in the World History.

Point 12 – Abyssinians have no right to claim control over Eritrea

Since Mammo Muchie is mentally incapacitated to the extent of rejecting the colonial nature and character of the otherwise brief Abyssinian control over Eritrea, I will do my best to help him finally understand how dramatically wrong is to deny this truth.

In fact the Axumite empire, established in the last pre-Christian century, was in control of the coastal territories until the rise of Islam, so for a period of approximately seven centuries. However, the center of power was in the inland. Then, the control of the coastal territories was lost for more than 1300 years! Meanwhile, various dynasties prevailed in the different parts of the inland, but not even for a second, not even in their wildest dreams, did they manage to extend their authority until the coast. It is important to take into consideration that the various dynasties were ethnically and culturally diverse although religiously identical.

At the end of the Italian colonial control, last phase of the 1300-year period, the Muslim majority in the coast was ethnically and linguistically diverse, and only partly identical with Abyssinia’s one of the many elements, namely the Tigrays.

Why on earth does this signify that the Amhara-led tyranny should ‘normally’ assume control over the coastal territories, i.e. Eritrea?

It would be as irrelevant as if the Italians demanded control over Egypt on the grounds that their ancestors, the Roman Emperors, had controlled Egypt for …… 672 years (from Octavian Augustus, 30 BCE, to Heraclius, 642 CE) – ca. 1300 years ago!

It would be the same as if today’s Iran raised claims of annexation of Iraq’s territory on the basis of the Arsacid – Sassanid control over Mesopotamia, which had lasted for almost 900 years (250 BCE – 641 CE), and was terminated before ca. 1300 years!

Such claims represent nothing but cheap investment of expansionism, and if achieved, as in the case of Abyssinia’s control over Eritrea, they consist in sheer colonial and tyrannical rule.

Point 13

Mammmo Muchie must gradually come to terms with the fact that anything that hurts, damages and helps destroy the monstrous state of bogus-Eethiopia is absolutely positive and definitely auspicious for the destiny of the tyranny’s numerous oppressed and massacred nations.

Point 14 – The forthcoming Death of ‘Ethiopia’

What a laugh! Whom does this bogus-Historian think he can cheat and swindle?

Absolutely none!

Who worries about the forthcoming Death of ‘Ethiopia’?

It will be the most passionately desired and the most blissfully expected event in the History of Modern Africa, the real liberation of the outright majority of the ‘Ethiopian’ Cemetery’s tyrannized population!

It’s only the Monophysitic, pseudo-Christian Amharas and Tigrays who truly worry about the most dearly loved perspective of Abyssinia’s collapse. All those who do not represent more than 15% of the entire population of the tyrannical realm and yet lawlessly control all the rest, all those who illegally exploit the natural resources of oppressed peoples, all those who criminally massacre the Shekachos, the Kaffas, the Anuak, the Wolayitas, the Agaws, the Afars, the Sidamas, the Oromos, and the Ogadenis, they worry; in brief, the only to worry are the criminal gangsters, the Abyssinian elites that must be immediately taken to the International Court of Justice for persistently committed - over more than 100 years - Crimes against the Mankind.

And they truly must worry!

These are the monstrous and inhuman tyrants who want to expand their control ‘from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean’. Their project of unification involves the tyrannical and genocidal unification of those who do not want to unify. This plan is the World History’s cruelest and most inhuman plan against Africa. Their project will turn Eastern Africa to a Lake of Blood and Cruel Crimes; they should be stopped at all costs – if some Respect for Human Dignity is left in our minds and hearts.

At this point, it would be important to suggest the formation of a trans-ethnic Committee “No to Red Sea – Indian Ocean Tyranny” whereby representatives of all the oppressed, tyrannized, subjugated and massacred nations between Egypt and Tanzania will work together to mobilize the international public opinion about the nefarious and ominous character of the criminal, colonial, Neo-Nazi, anti-African project.

Point 15

Before the gangsters, working in darkness in order to promote the plans that Mammo Muchie shamelessly acclaims, achieve their ‘Constitutive Foundation’, the “No to Red Sea – Indian Ocean Tyranny” Committee must be set up, and become a Lighthouse for the rest of Africans who are also threatened through the ominous project.

Point 16

As we analytically demonstrated in the early articles of this series (follow the first two of the aforementioned links), adding also related photographical documentation to support the analysis, the origins of the nations and the peoples, the ethnic-linguistic-religious groups and the states mentioned by the bogus-Historian Mammo Muchie are not shared, are not similar, have nothing to share except their differences. Even worse for his ridiculous, unsubstantiated and malignant claims, these inconsistent assumptions are also rejected by the world’s academia.

Point 17 – Ancient Myths and their alterations: the Kebra Negast forgery

What Mammo Muchie disreputably suggests in this excerpt would be enough for a 1st year History student at any respectable university allover the world to write in order to fail in the exams, and repeat the course. We have to expand to some extent so that unspecialized readers realize the sort of fallacy that Mammo Muchie is about to compose through these sentences.

In the Antiquity, the great civilizations developed theoretical systems of perception and interpretation of the phenomenon of Life that markedly differ from ours; this does not necessarily imply different conclusion. The method was certainly different as it emanated from an overall – holistic – view, and tried to insert derivatives of the original conception into practically speaking every detail of the reality as sort of interpretation and explanation.

The system was mainly symbolic of expression, involving allegories and theoretical abstractions that even today are not easy for scholars to reconstitute. This is the establishment of the Sumerian / Assyrian – Babylonian, and Egyptian Mythical ‘languages’ – vast interpretational systems that set the Origins of the Human Thought. Precisely because of the symbolic terminology employed, as long as we have not fully reconstituted and assessed these systems, we cannot truly understand what a term necessarily means; ‘umu’ in Assyrian – Babylonian means at the same time, ‘day’ and ‘span of time’. And the Hebrew Biblical text continues employing the same terms when describing the Creation.

Consequently, we cannot afford to translate word by word, and thus draw eventually the conclusion that some early persons lived hundreds of years, as the Sumerian / Assyrian – Babylonian myths and the Biblical narrations deliberately state for several important figures, Noah included. The interest to setup geographical maps and repertories of the nations of the then known world, with mention of their origin, has been attested very early in Sumer, Egypt, Akkad, Assyria and Babylon, before being passed on to the Hittites, the Canaanites, the Phoenicians, the Greeks, and the Persians.

As far as Cosmology is concerned, it is clear that all systems are derivatives of the Sumerian, with the exception of all related beliefs in Ancient Egypt whereby coexisted four different cosmological systems, at least three of which (the Heliopolitan Ennead, the Hermupolitan Ogdoad, and the Memphitic system of Ptah Theology) date back to the first half of the third millennium BCE, which means before 4500 years (the fourth, namely the Theban Amun Theology, dating back to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE).

As the systems were functionally localized wherever they were diffused, the localization did not strip their universalist vocation and initial conception. Ut – Napishtim, the Assyrian – Babylonian Noah, his Biblical Hebrew counterpart, and the Greek Deukalion were not viewed within strictly nationalist context. This concerns the earliest times; in periods of the Late Antiquity, it was still clear to Wise Priests and Erudite Elders that Apollo was not necessarily ‘ethnic’ Greek and that it corresponded in mythical, codified terms to the Egyptian Horus, and to the Persian Mithra.

Gradually, the overwhelming popularization of the myths led to their misinterpretation, and the rise of cult as a means of spiritual control spread superstition and religious fanaticism, triggering early forms of nationalisms, and deliberate mishandling of the original narratives. Clashes between priesthoods and between temples and courts highlight the rivalry between monotheistic abstractionists and polytheistic / idolatrous cultists that took at times a very sharp and harsh form. Meroitic Ethiopia was particularly a field of terrible clash between a monotheistic court and a polytheistic priesthood for whom terms – symbols like Apademak, Isis, Horus, Osiris, Nephthys, etc. meant absolutely different things.

In Pre-Islamic Iran, we can easily distinguish the variant layers of mythical alteration and misinterpretation even within the same camp, namely the monotheistic priests and the kings; the terms that symbolize Cosmological entities within the context of the Achaemenid times’ Zoroasterianism codify the Moral Virtues of the Arsacid period’s Zendism, and turn out to become ‘simple’ Ancient Heroes and Kings within the Sassanid epoch’s Mazdeism.

With all this in mind, we attest in the late 13th century CE the formation of a National Epic in Abyssinia that attempts to shape a sort of National History, providing narratives as documentation, for the then rising Amhara dynasty. In that period, the attempt was not unique; quite contrarily, it was very common. In the ailing Eastern Roman Empire, and in the rising Western states, the original mythical structure had turned out to be narrative material for royal propaganda, legendary documentation, and ‘historical’ corroboration of dynastic claims.

Supreme master of the kind, and definite archetype of the literary tradition is the Iranian National Epic Poet Ferdowsi, who living in the 10th – 11th composed a majestic poetical historical synthesis that draws an Islamic corroboration of Persia’s Pre-Islamic Antiquity, the historical dynasties, and the Heroes of Mazdeism. He thus amalgamated History and Myth! He was the first to expand over Tabari’s identification of Alexander the Great with the Coranic Holy Figure of Dhu ‘l Qarneyn, thus promoting the Macedonian Emperor to Iranian Shah! His work became the cornerstone of the Islamic Imperial legitimacy claimed by Islamic Persian dynasties from the Buwayhis to Safevids, and down to the Qadjars.

We certainly cannot take this sort of mythologized ancestry as real history; History existed for millennia as narration of deeds, and this occurred in all sorts of textual compositions, involving particularly Imperial and Royal Annals written in Assyria, in Babylon, in Thebes of Egypt, in Hittite Hattushas, in the Elamite capital of Susa, and in the Canaanite capital of Ugarit long before the Biblical books of the Hebrew Kings, the Achaemenidian Persian Annals, and the compositions of Herodotus, Thucydides and Xenophon.

The Abyssinian (written in Gueze) Kebra Negast is not a proper historical source, except for the period in which it was written; it demonstrates how the then rising dynasty attempted to propagate its claims, portray its past, and utilize a vastly manipulated past. And as the false can never exist unadulterated but it is always interwoven with fragments of historical truth, we find in Kebra Negast claims of historizing the Amhara dynasty that go up to the point of re-writing the already translated in Gueze Biblical Genesis in order to biblically legitimize the Abyssinian people.

Thus, Atiopik and Aksumai are bogus-figures that never existed within any conceptual approach of the Biblical authors of the Book of Genesis, and have been created by the then rising Amhara royal dynasty that even claimed to be descendant of Solomon in….. straight line! Nothing of all these aberrations can be taken as History; it is therefore ridiculous to call that dynasty as Solomonic.

The only relation of these narratives with true History is that these were lies the scribes of Yekuno Amlak, a villainous, analphabetic, tribal chieftain and rebel, were ordered to invent in order to justify his exploits, namely the overthrow of his own king, the last of the Agaw dynasty.

Following this brief analysis, it becomes clear that whatever irrelevant stories Mammo Muchie writes have to be immediately considered as useless and valueless. His ridiculous assertions bear witness to his provocative ignorance, and make sure that the only position he may have in a university is that of a 1st

year student at a Department of History.

Point 18 – Meroitic Ethiopia and Egypt

As it can easily surmised, on an erroneous foundation only mistaken elements can be added to build a practically speaking useless re-construction. Southern Egypt was for several short periods part of the Meroitic Kingdom of Ethiopia; but that kingdom, with capital at today’s Bagrawiyah near Atbarah, did not control either Axumite Abyssinia or Yemen and Somalia.

Its commercial network throughout Sahara was vast and we find its impact as far as Nigeria and Mali, but it did not control Ptolemais Theron, today’s Suakin (50 km in the South of Port Sudan) that was a Ptolemaic and Roman Egyptian outpost and port of call almost in the middle of the distance between Berenice (Egypt’s southernmost harbour near today’s Ras Banas) and Adulis (the port of call and main market of the Axumite kingdom) that rose to importance only at the Roman times.

The Meroitic preponderance in the Egyptian South was the result of the Ptolemaic interest in the Mediterranean political affairs (330 – 30 BCE), and the consequence of the vastness of the Roman Empire (30 BCE – 642 CE); as a matter of fact, it reflected the earlier Kushite impact and control of Upper (Southern) Egypt from the middle of the 8th until the almost the middle of the 7th century BCE.

So, the real, historical, Kushitic Ethiopia never ‘included’ territories that belong today to Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Abyssinia, this false ‘Ethiopia’ of the criminal Neo-Nazi Amharas.

Furthermore, the real, historical Semitic Abyssinia never ‘included’ territories that belong today to Djibouti, Somalia, and Southern Egypt.

In addition, historical Abyssinia controlled a small part of Sudan only once and for less than fifty years (following king Ezana’s invasion and destruction of Meroe); again, only during king Kaleb’s alliance with the Eastern Roman Empire (during the reign of Justinian), Abyssinia invaded Yemen and the southern parts of Arabia, only to soon after expulsed form there by the Sassanid Persians.

Point 19 – Manetho’s ‘Ethiopian’ dynasty of Egypt

Part of the ignorance and malignance of the uneducated bogus-historians of the Amhara and Tigray pseudo-universities is to diffuse to their few, chauvinist students the idea that their, false, ‘Ethiopia’ controlled Egypt, because of the reference to an ‘Ethiopian’ dynasty; Manetho who wrote in Greek correctly named the Kushites who ruled over Thebes from Napata for a century as Ethiopians; the Ancient Kush with capital at Napata (today’s Karima, 750 km in the South of the present Sudanese – Egyptian borderline) was called in Greek Aithiopia, as country of the burnt face people. The reference does not pertain to the Semitic Axumite Abyssinians who at the times of the Ethiopian dynasty’s control over Egypt were not in Abyssinia, but in their land of origin, Yemen.

The pathetically idiotic and provocatively uneducated staff of Abyssinia’s bogus-universities have fallen victims of their own lies; they started taking them for truth!

Point 20 – Yemen

Another charlatanesque assumption of Mammo Muchie’s is to erratically divide Yemen as west, and east of Aden! There was never such a division in Yemen. With the exception of its latest period (following the collapse of the Pro-Soviet South in 1991), Yemen was always the setting for many kingdoms; the political divisions of Yemen pertain to its geographical particularities, the wealth ensued from navigation, trade, and agriculture, and the fact that various parts of Yemen are characterized by centrifugal attractions.

The high mountains and the long wadis form a natural environment in which it is almost impossible to carry out a war. The Roman expedition in 27 – 26 BCE (a few years after Octavian Augustus’ annexation of Egypt) may have destroyed Aden (Eudemon Arabia in Greek, Arabia Felix in Latin), but it never engaged a significant battle in the inland, where they were intelligent enough not to spend long time.

King Kaleb’s expedition occurred at a moment of Persian control of Oman, when the Sassanid empire’s involvement in the Sea route of East – West trade had limited the Yemenite states’ income; actually, this was the reason Justinian had asked the help of the Axumite Abyssinians against the military and political superpower of those days, the vast imperium of Khusraw Anoshak Ravan (Chosroes with Immortal Soul).

As Yemenites and Axumites were speaking the same language, and as Christianity had been diffused to some extent in Yemen, creating frictions (the few Monophysitic Yemenites supported Kaleb against the Nestorian Christian – Jewish alliance), the king of Axum did not attempt the campaign without having first assured some local support.

The subsequent Persian invasion of Yemen lasted until the moment Ali, the first Imam, preached in Sanaa, when all the Yemenites accepted Islam two years before Prophet Muhammad died. The Persian occupation had lasted long because of the heavy military Persian involvement, which ensured for Iran complete control over the Sea route of trade and high tax leverage; the long duration of the Persian occupation of Yemen can also be attributed to the earlier weakening of, and the fratricide strives among, the Yemenite states.

However, there were never two states in Yemen divided at the area of Aden. And all the Yemenite states were involved in the Sea route trade, either in the Red Sea or in the Indian Ocean or in the Eastern coast of Africa in the south of the Horn area where Yemenites had early colonized the coast down to today’s Tanzania.

Point 21 – Najran, Hedjaz, and Axum

It is simply ridiculous to use a term ‘Southern Saudi Arabia’’ it would involve most deserts, and no one lives in Rub al Hali. Mammo Muchie was to say Southern Hedjaz, namely the long cordillera of mountains between today’s Jordan and Yemen. In valleys and plateaus of this cordillera Mecca and Medinah are also located. In the South of Hedjaz (the area Mammo Muchie is unable to correctly name) is located the famous oasis of Najran, integral part of Yemen. There was never either Kushitic Ethiopian or Semitic Abyssinian influence and impact on that area; king Kaleb just crossed the area for some months when attempting to attack Mecca in the Year of the Elephant, when Prophet Muhammad was born (570 CE).

Contrarily, that area was always integral part of the Kingdom of Sheba, and only the colonially promoted and historically false idea of Pan-Arabism helped impose on Yemen a totalitarian Sunni dictatorship which disregarding the outright Shia majority of the country sold out Najran to Saudi Arabia in a most disreputable and treasonous way; for the quasi-totality of the Yemenites, Najran is Yemenite, not Saudi, and it is true that the Shia Najranis have been long tyrannized by the cruel and inhuman Saudi despots.

The hidden reality, which is not allowed in any western media, is that for years the Yemenite butcher Ali Abdallah Saleh has waged a war against the entire population of the northern province of Saada, on the borderline with Saudi Arabia, because the inhabitants of Saada are all Shias, and naturally help their tyrannized brethren of occupied Najran.

Ignominiously enough, the ridiculous puppet of the Saudis, corporal Ali Abdallah Saleh (in power for 30 years and for only purpose to keep Yemen as an underdeveloped shadow of the terrorist bogus-kingdom of ‘Arabia’) is daily concerned with the defamation of his own citizens on the North, whom malignantly he portrays as extremists and terrorists, whereas all the Yemenite terrorists, including the Bin Laden family, are Sunnis, and they terrorize the Shia majority in that miserably backward state.

Point 22 – Horn of Africa and Scandinavia: No Parallel!

Comparing the culturally, religiously, behaviourally, socially, linguistically and politically extremely divergent countries of Sudan, Eritrea, Abyssinia, Djibouti, Yemen and Somalia with Scandinavia, and pretending that they are something similar to the Scandinavian states is a blasphemy.

Despite his residence in Denmark, Mammo Muchie forgot that Iceland is also a Scandinavian country, but this is the least.

Look now the true realities that Mammo Muchie, mentally incapacitated, fails to assess:

A) Religion:

1) All Scandinavian countries are Christian Protestant.

2) The supposedly homogeneous Horn of Africa area, as designated by Mammo Muchie, comprises:

Sunni Muslims,

Shia Muslims,

Monophysitic Christians (Amhara and Tigray Abyssinians),

Catholic Christians,

Protestant Christians,

Evangelical Christians,

Baptist Christians,

Pentecostal Christians

(all being the result of the involvement of various Christian missionaries),

Oromos,

Sidamas,

Anuak,

Gumuz,

Kambatas, and

many others whose original, traditional religions are different one from another.

B) Language:

1) All Scandinavian languages are Indo-European languages, and similar to one another, with the only exception of Finnish that belongs to the Uralo-Altaic linguistic group (along with Hungarian, Turkish, Azeri, Kirghiz, Uzbek, Kazak, Turkmen, Uighur, and Mongolian).

2) The supposedly homogeneous Horn of Africa area, as designated by Mammo Muchie, comprises nations that speak the following languages (per linguistic group):

Semitic

Arabic (spoken in Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Eritrea)

Amharic (spoken only by the Amharas in Abyssinia – as all those who were tyrannically obliged to learn it, detest it, hate it, and are never convinced to use it, except they face an Amhara gun on their front)

Tigrinya (spoken by the Tigrinya speaking in Eritrea and Abyssinia)

Tigre (spoken in Eritrea – different than Tigrinya)

Mahrani (spoken in Yemen)

Soqotri (spoken in Yemen)

Kushitic

Afaan Oromo (spoken in occupied Oromia)

Somali (spoken in Somalia, occupied Ogaden, and Djibouti)

Sidamuaffo (spoken in occupied Sidama Land)

Afar (spoken in occupied Afar Land, Eritrea, and Djibouti)

Beja (spoken in Sudan and Eritrea)

Haussa (spoken in Sudan)

Fur (spoken in Darfur – Sudan)

Agaw (spoken in Abyssinia)

Kambata (spoken in Abyssinia)

Nilo-Saharan

Nubian (spoken in Sudan)

Nuer (spoken in Sudan and Abyssinia)

Dinka (spoken in Sudan)

Anuak (spoken in Abyssinia)

Gumuz (spoken in Abyssinia)

Kunama (spoken in Eritrea)

Omotic

Kafficho (spoken in Abyssinia)

Shekacho (spoken in Abyssinia)

Wolayita (spoken in Abyssinia)

It should be noted that the aforementioned list is not all-inclusive.

C) Scripture:

1) All Scandinavian languages are written in Latin.

2) The supposedly homogeneous Horn of Africa area, as designated by Mammo Muchie, comprises nations that use the following scriptures:

Arabic alphabet (for Arabic, and eventually Nubian)

Gueze syllabic writing system (for Amharic, Tigrinya and Tigre)

Latin alphabet (for Afaan Oromo, Somali, Sidamuaffo, Afar, Nuer and Dinka), whereas various languages have not yet been written.

The ensuing multicultural environment becomes easily understood. However, it is only normal for a vast area with so varied historical background that simply Mammo Muchie never studied and consequently ignores.

One has to add two intertwined parameters that play a certain role, as the homogeneity of the Scandinavians hinges on them as much as the Horn of Africa nations’ heterogeneity does.

D – E) Surface and Population

1) All Scandinavian countries cover a surface ca. 1300000 km2, and their total population slightly exceeds 26 million people.

2) The supposedly homogeneous Horn of Africa area, as designated by Mammo Muchie, comprises countries that cover ca. 5200000 km2, and their total population is about 175 million people.

Now, if you place the area and the population at the crossroads between Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean world – in striking opposition to Scandinavia’s isolation at the North-Western edge of the Euro-Asiatic continent –, you get a very clear picture of the extreme diversity and the inherent – and wonderful – heterogeneity of the nations of the Horn of Africa area that Mammo Muchie wants to cut to pieces on his Procrustean bed of refugee-making, before placing the remnant in his mixer that he prepared to use as the World History’s most repugnant butchery.

Point 23

Another extreme aberration of Mammo Muchie is the assumption that the term ‘Ethiopia’ meant Africa in Ancient Greek; it did not! So, Ethiopia by definition cannot mean ‘the whole of Africa’ today, or tomorrow, or at any possible moment. Ethiopia in Ancient Greek meant only the country at the southern border of Egypt, Kush, which was in the North of today’s Sudan. Nothing more and nothing less!

As a matter of fact, the Ancient Greek term for the whole of Africa was “Libye” – from which was derived the modern country’s national name. The Ancient Greek name in its turn was derived from the Ancient Egyptian name ‘Lebu’ that signified the Berberic populations in the West of Egypt, until the Atlantic Ocean. But all this is Greek to Mammo Muchie. We will complete the refutation in a forthcoming article.

Note

Picture: the Sun God Temple at Marib Yemen